Mega-Scale Fabrication by Contour Crafting (2006-05)¶
, Hwang Dooil, Yao Ke, Yeh Zhenghao
Journal Article - International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Vol. 1, Iss. 3, pp. 301-319
Abstract
Contour Crafting is a mega scale layered fabrication process which builds large scale three-dimensional parts by depositing paste materials layer by layer at unprecedented speed and with superior surface quality. This paper presents an overview of related research activities and the progress aimed at extending the technology to construction of residential housing units and civil structures.
¶
3 References
- Khoshnevis Behrokh (2003-11)
Automated Construction by Contour Crafting:
Related Robotics and Information Technologies - Khoshnevis Behrokh, Bodiford Melanie, Burks Kevin, Ethridge Ed et al. (2005-01)
Lunar Contour Crafting:
A Novel Technique for ISRU-Based Habitat Development - Khoshnevis Behrokh, Dutton Rosanne (1998-01)
Innovative Rapid Prototyping Process Makes Large-Sized, Smooth-Surfaced Complex Shapes in a Wide Variety of Materials
263 Citations
- Basith Mydeen Pitchai Mohamed Abdul (2025-12)
Polymer-Enhanced Composites for 3D Concrete Printing:
A Review of Materials, Processes, and Performance - Babajaniniashirvani Vida, Afsari Kereshmeh, McCoy Andrew (2025-12)
Investigating Key Competencies for 3D Concrete Printing in Affordable Housing - Álvarez Luisa, Fernandez Brian, Saldarriaga Federico, Romero Héctor et al. (2025-11)
Development and Bioclimatic Evaluation of Parametrically Designed Geometries for 3D-Printed Concrete Walls - Tulliani Jean-Marc (2025-11)
Latest Developments in 3D-Printed Engineered Cementitious Composites:
Technologies, Prospects, and Challenges - Benz Hendrik, Nguyen Trong The, Klemt-Albert Katharina (2025-11)
Real-Time Vision-Based Defect Detection for Large-Scale on-Site Earthen Additive Manufacturing:
Annotated Dataset and Dual-Model Framework - Albostami Asad, Mohammad Malek, Ismael Bashar, Hamd Rwayda (2025-10)
Optimized Strength Predictions for 3D Printed Fiber-Reinforced Concrete:
Machine Learning-Driven Insights - Babajaniniashirvani Vida, McCoy Andrew, Afsari Kereshmeh (2025-09)
Challenges and Opportunities of 3DCP Adoption for US Workforce Training - Nasr Ahmed, Wang Jiyuan, Duan Zhenhua, Deng Qi et al. (2025-09)
Assessing the Visibility and Impact of Recycled High-Density Polyethylene Fibers in 3D-Printed Cementitious Composites - Shukla Bishnu, Bharti Gaurav, Parashar Bhupender, Sharma Pushpendra et al. (2025-09)
Variables Influencing the Performance of 3D Concrete Printing for Sustainable Construction:
Current Status and Future Prospects - Bajwa Asad, Flemmer Claire, Samarasinghe Don, Bao Ding et al. (2025-07)
Sustainability of 3D Printing Technology:
A Review on Research Trends and Developments - Liu Nana, Wang Jie (2025-07)
Experimental Study on the Effect of Water-Binder Ratio on 3D Printing Form of Concrete Mortar - Brandão Filipe, Figueiredo Bruno, Cruz Paulo (2025-06)
Winding Fiber Thread for 3D Concrete Robotic Printing - Ribeiro João, Campos Tatiana, Brandão Filipe, Figueiredo Bruno et al. (2025-06)
3DCP Composite Systems:
Additive Manufacturing of a Concrete and Cellulose Interlocking Wall - Mohamed Osama, Mishra Anamika, Isam Fida (2025-05)
An Overview of 3D Printed Concrete for Building Structures:
Material Properties, Sustainability, Future Opportunities, and Challenges - Nieświec Martyna, Chajec Adrian, Šavija Branko (2025-05)
Effect of Ground Copper Slag on the Fresh Properties of 3d Printed Cementitious Composites - Gulati Hemant, Lu Tianxing (2025-03)
Customized 3D Printable Concrete:
A Systematic Review of Challenges, Methodologies, and Adoption Strategies - Akkoyun Furkan, Günal Ayse (2025-02)
The State of 3D Concrete Printing:
Current Applications and Future Opportunities - Engel Sven, Hegger Josef, Claßen Martin (2025-02)
Multimodal Automated Fabrication with Concrete:
Case-Study and Structural Performance of Ribbed CFRP-Reinforced Concrete Ceiling - Nadi Mouad, Majdoubi Hicham, Haddaji Younesse, Bili Oumaima et al. (2025-01)
Digital Fabrication Processes for Cementitious Materials Using Three-Dimensional 3D Printing Technologies - Perrot Arnaud, Jacquet Yohan, Amziane Sofiane (2025-01)
3D Concrete Printing - Nan Bo, Qiao Youxin, Leng Junjie, Bai Yikui (2025-01)
Advancing Structural Reinforcement in 3D Printed Concrete:
Current Methods, Challenges, and Innovations - Abedi Mohammadmadhi, Waris Muhammad, Alawi Mubarak, Jabri Khalifa et al. (2024-12)
From Local Earth to Modern Structures:
A Critical Review of 3D Printed Cement Composites for Sustainable and Efficient Construction - Sakhare Vishakha, Najar Mohamed, Deshpande Sachin (2024-12)
Printing Performance of 3D Printed Geopolymer Through Pumpability, Extrudability, Buildability Properties:
A Review - Kozub Barbara, Sitarz Mateusz, Gądek Szymon, Ziejewska Celina et al. (2024-11)
Upscaling of Copper Slag-Based Geopolymer to 3D Printing Technology - Wang Li, Lin Wenyu, Wan Qian, Li Zhijian et al. (2024-11)
Manufacturing Accuracy Improvement of Concrete Product by Hybrid Additive-Subtractive Method Based on the Time-Dependent Characteristics of Cementitious Materials - Nasr Ahmed, Duan Zhenhua, Singh Amardeep, Yang Min et al. (2024-11)
Enhancing Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Cementitious Composites Utilizing Hybrid Recycled PP and PET-Fibers - Cai Jianguo, Wang Jingsong, Zhang Qian, Du Caixia et al. (2024-10)
State of the Art of Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Concrete - Rodriguez Fabian, Moini Mohamadreza, Agrawal Shubham, Williams Christopher et al. (2024-10)
Mechanical Response of Small-Scale 3D Printed Steel-Mortar Composite Beams - Li Shuai, Lan Tian, Nguyen Hung-Xuan, Tran Jonathan (2024-10)
Frontiers in Construction 3D Printing:
Self-Monitoring, Multi-Robot, Drone-Assisted Processes - Madrid Javier, Ortega Guillermo, Olsson Nils, Tenorio Ríos José (2024-10)
3D Constructing:
Exploring the Potential of 3D Concrete and Clay Printing with Generative Design for Architectural Innovation - Wolfs Robert (2024-09)
The Status Quo of 3D Concrete Printing:
Are We There Yet? - Huseien Ghasan, Tan Shea, Saleh Ali, Lim Nor et al. (2024-08)
Test-Procedures and Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Printable Concrete Enclosing Different Mix-Proportions:
A Review and Bibliometric Analysis - Ahmad Lina, Jabi Wassim, Sosa Marco (2024-08)
Non-Planar Robotic Printing of Earth-Based Material:
A Case Study Using Cob-Like Mixture - Aghaee Kamran, Li Linfei, Roshan Alireza, Namakiaraghi Parsa (2024-08)
Additive Manufacturing Evolution in Construction:
From Individual Terrestrial to Collective, Aerial, and Extraterrestrial Applications - Quah Tan, Tay Yi, Tan Ming, Li King (2024-07)
Evaluation of Extrusion-Methods for 3D Concrete Printing - To Quoc, Pham Koa, Lee Gayoon, Shin Myoungsu et al. (2024-06)
Experimental and FEM Evaluation of the Influence of Inter-Layer Bonding Strength in 3D Printed Concrete Members Under Compressive and Flexural Loadings - Yan Kang-Tai, Wang Xian-Peng, Ding Yao, Li Lingzhi et al. (2024-06)
3D Printed LC3-Based Lightweight Engineered Cementitious Composites:
Fresh State, Hardened Material-Properties and Beam-Performance - Deetman Arjen, Bos Derk, Blaakmeer Jan, Salet Theo et al. (2024-05)
An In-Line Dye Tracer Experiment to Measure the Residence Time in Continuous Concrete Processing - Khan Mehran, McNally Ciaran (2024-05)
Recent Developments on Low-Carbon 3D Printing Concrete:
Revolutionizing Construction Through Innovative Technology - Tao Yaxin, Dai Xiaodi, Schutter Geert, Tittelboom Kim (2024-05)
Adhesion Performance of Alkali-Activated Material for 3D Printing of Tunnel Linings at Different Temperatures - Zuo Zibo, Corte Wouter, Huang Yulin, Chen Xiaoming et al. (2024-05)
Strategies Towards Large-Scale 3D Printing Without Size-Constraints - Petruzzi Elena, Tsamis Alexandros, Ullal Chaitanya (2024-04)
Toward a Digital Design Framework for the Thermal Tunability of 3D Printed Envelopes - Tao Yaxin, Zhou Jiangang, Cui Weijiu, Shi Xinyu et al. (2024-04)
Numerical Assessment of Plastic Yielding in Extrusion-Based 3D Concrete Printing - Khan Mohammad, Dani Aflah, Lim James, Roy Krishanu (2024-04)
Appraising the Feasibility of 3D Printing Construction in New Zealand Housing - Sun Chang, Zhao Haiye, Liu Qiong, Pan Feng (2024-04)
Shear Behavior of 3DPM-NM Specimens with Different Interfacial Locking Designs - Vallurupalli Kavya, Libre Nicolas, Khayat Kamal (2024-04)
Characterization of Extrudability Using Rheology and Desorptivity - Latorraca Tássia, Guimarães Ana, Rangel Bárbara (2024-03)
Bibliometric Analysis of Personalized 3D Printed Concrete-Based Modules for Construction:
Leveraging the Ordinatio Method - Gündüz Gamze, Özkar Mine (2024-02)
A Process-Based Framework for Adaptable Modules in Robotic Clay 3D Printing - Delavar Mohammad, Chen H., Sideris Petros (2024-01)
Analysis and Design of 3D Printed Reinforced Concrete Walls Under In-Plane Quasi-Static Loading - Vaněk Vojtěch, Chomová Štěpánka, Pěnčík Jan (2024-01)
Additive Technologies in Construction:
Shifting the Paradigm of Building - Sahai Rajan, Bisht Ravindra, Malviya Nitesh, Kumar Shivam et al. (2024-01)
Aspects of Waste-Material-Utilization and 3D Concrete Printer Development-Approach:
A Review - Chadha Kunaljit, Dubor Alexandre, Cabay Edouard, Tayoun Yara et al. (2024-01)
Additive Manufacturing for the Circular Built Environment:
Towards Circular Construction with Earth-Based Materials - Yang Yan, Wu Hangzi, Han Lifang, Huang Qingling et al. (2023-12)
Investigation on Geometric and Surface Finish Quality of 3D Concrete Printed Walls with Hollow Section - Zhou Yi, Althoey Fadi, Alotaibi Badr, Gamil Yaser et al. (2023-10)
An Overview of Recent Advancements in Fiber-Reinforced 3D Printing Concrete - Mallikarjuna Balichakra, Hareeswar M., Sharath P. (2023-09)
Applications of Additive Manufacturing in Construction and Building Industries - Asensio Javier, Josa Irene, Monserrat Andrea, Fuente Albert (2023-09)
3D‐Printed Concrete Footbridges:
An Approach to Assess the Sustainability Performance - Liu Dawei, Zhang Zhigang, Zhang Xiaoyue, Chen Zhaohui (2023-09)
3D Printing Concrete Structures:
State of the Art, Challenges, and Opportunities - Arrêteau Manon, Fabien Aurélie, Haddaji Badreddine, Chateigner Daniel et al. (2023-07)
Review of Advances in 3D Printing Technology of Cementitious Materials:
Key Printing Parameters and Properties Characterization - Almomani Mohammed, Ababneh Nedal, Abdalla Khairedin, Shbeeb Nadim et al. (2023-07)
Selecting the Best 3D Concrete Printing Technology for Refugee Camp’s Shelter Construction Using Analytical Hierarchy Process:
The Case of Syrian Refugees in Jordan - McCoy Andrew, Vieira Manuel, Oliveira Miguel, Yanamala Akhileswar et al. (2023-07)
3D Concrete Printing:
Factors Affecting the US and Portugal - Tu Haidong, Wei Zhenyun, Bahrami Alireza, Kahla Nabil et al. (2023-06)
Recent Advancements and Future Trends in 3D Printing Concrete Using Waste-Materials - Mozaffari Salma, Bruce Mackenzie, Clune Gabrielle, Xie Ruxin et al. (2023-06)
Digital Design and Fabrication of Clay Formwork for Concrete Casting - Codarin Sara (2023-05)
Enhancing the Workforce in Construction:
Robotic Concrete Printing in Detroit - Ambily Parukutty, Kaliyavaradhan Senthil, Rajendran Neeraja (2023-05)
Top Challenges to Widespread 3D Concrete Printing Adoption:
A Review - Aramburu Amaia, Calderon-Uriszar-Aldaca Iñigo, Puente Iñigo (2023-05)
Wet Joint Performance of 3D Printed Concrete Beam Segments Under Flexural Loading - Peav John, Hudson Ed, Summy Zachary, Violette Jon (2023-04)
3D Concrete Printed Houses:
Barriers to Adoption and Construction Practices - Kazemian Ali, Seylabi Elnaz, Ekenel Mahmut (2023-03)
Concrete 3D Printing:
Challenges and Opportunities for the Construction Industry - Panda Biranchi, Tran Jonathan (2023-03)
Material-Design, Additive Manufacturing, and Performance of Cement-Based Materials - Tamimi Adil, Alqamish Habib, Khaldoune Ahlam, Alhaidary Haidar et al. (2023-03)
Framework of 3D Concrete Printing Potential and Challenges - Uddin Md, Mahamoudou Faharidine, Deng Boyu, Elobaid Musa Moneef et al. (2023-03)
Prediction of Rheological Parameters of 3D Printed Polypropylene-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete by Machine Learning - Baigarina Akerke, Shehab Essam, Ali Md. (2023-02)
Construction 3D Printing:
A Critical Review and Future Research-Directions - Bazli Milad, Ashrafi Hamed, Rajabipour Ali, Kutay Cat (2023-02)
3D Printing for Remote Housing:
Benefits and Challenges - Du Wenfeng, Zhu Liming, Zhang Hao, Zhou Zhiyong et al. (2023-01)
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of an Innovative 3DPC Thin-Shell Structure - Ahmed Ghafur (2023-01)
A Review of 3D Concrete Printing:
Materials and Process Characterization, Economic Considerations and Environmental Sustainability - Raphael Benny, Senthilnathan Shanmugaraj, Patel Abhishek, Bhat Saqib (2023-01)
A Review of Concrete 3D Printed Structural Members - Dams Barrie, Chen Binling, Shepherd Paul, Ball Richard (2023-01)
Development of Cementitious Mortars for Aerial Additive Manufacturing - Puzatova (nee Sharanova) Anastasiia, Shakor Pshtiwan, Laghi Vittoria, Dmitrieva Maria (2022-11)
Large-Scale 3D Printing for Construction Application by Means of Robotic Arm and Gantry 3D Printer:
A Review - Teixeira João, Schaefer Cecília, Rangel Bárbara, Maia Lino et al. (2022-11)
A Road Map to Find in 3D Printing a New Design Plasticity for Construction:
The State of Art - Alonso-Cañon Sara, Blanco-Fernandez Elena, Castro-Fresno Daniel, Yoris-Nobile Adrian et al. (2022-11)
Reinforcements in 3D Printing Concrete Structures - Mesnil Romain, Poussard Valentin, Sab Karam, Caron Jean-François (2022-11)
On the Geometrical Origin of the Anisotropy in Extrusion-Based 3D Printed Structures - Ahadi Bahram, Valiente López María (2022-11)
Use of Nitinol-Shape Memory Alloy in the Reinforcement of 3D Concrete Printing Industry - Salaimanimagudam M., Jayaprakash Jaganathan (2022-11)
Optimum Selection of Reinforcement, Assembly, and Formwork System for Digital Fabrication Technique in Construction Industry:
A Critical Review - Aramburu Amaia, Calderon-Uriszar-Aldaca Iñigo, Puente Iñigo (2022-09)
3D Printing Effect on the Compressive Strength of Concrete Structures - Licciardello Lucia, Reggia Adriano, Metelli Giovanni, Plizzari Giovanni (2022-09)
Investigation of the Inter-Layer Strength of 3D Printed Concrete Shear Walls - Lee Dongyoun, Hong Junho (2022-08)
Development of an Adaptive Slicing Algorithm of Laminated Object Manufacturing Based 3D Printing for Freeform Formwork - Duan Zhenhua, Li Lei, Yao Qinye, Zou Shuai et al. (2022-08)
Effect of Metakaolin on the Fresh and Hardened Properties of 3D Printed Cementitious Composite - Jayathilakage Roshan, Rajeev Pathmanathan, Sanjayan Jay (2022-08)
Rheometry for Concrete 3D Printing:
A Review and an Experimental Comparison - Khosravani Mohammad, Haghighi Azadeh (2022-08)
Large-Scale Automated Additive Construction:
Overview, Robotic Solutions, Sustainability, and Future Prospect - Silva Guido, Ñañez Robert, Zavaleta Diana, Burgos Valeria et al. (2022-07)
Eco-Friendly Additive Construction:
Analysis of the Printability of Earthen-Based Matrices Stabilized with Potato-Starch-Gel and Sisal-Fibers - Ahmed Ghafur, Askandar Nasih, Jumaa Ghazi (2022-07)
A Review of Large-Scale 3DCP:
Material-Characteristics, Mix-Design, Printing-Process, and Reinforcement-Strategies - Bhooshan Shajay, Bhooshan Vishu, Dell’Endice Alessandro, Chu Jianfei et al. (2022-06)
The Striatus Bridge - Mohammad Abdul, Biernacki Joseph (2022-06)
2D Stationary Computational Printing of Cement-Based Pastes - Flatt Robert, Wangler Timothy (2022-05)
On Sustainability and Digital Fabrication with Concrete - Kondepudi Kala, Subramaniam Kolluru, Nematollahi Behzad, Bong Shin et al. (2022-05)
Study of Particle-Packing and Paste-Rheology in Alkali-Activated Mixtures to Meet the Rheology Demands of 3D Concrete Printing - Aramburu Amaia, Calderon-Uriszar-Aldaca Iñigo, Puente Iñigo (2022-05)
Bonding Strength of Steel-Rebars Perpendicular to the Hardened 3D Printed Concrete-Layers - Jipa Mihail-Andrei, Dillenburger Benjamin (2022-04)
3D Printed Formwork for Concrete:
State of the Art, Opportunities, Challenges, and Applications - Nodehi Mehrab, Ozbakkaloglu Togay, Gholampour Aliakbar (2022-04)
Effect of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Properties of 3D Printed Conventional and Alkali-Activated Concrete:
A Review - Ma Guowei, Buswell Richard, Silva Wilson, Wang Li et al. (2022-03)
Technology Readiness:
A Global Snapshot of 3D Concrete Printing and the Frontiers for Development - Teixeira João, Schaefer Cecília, Maia Lino, Rangel Bárbara et al. (2022-03)
Influence of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Fresh Properties of 3D Printable Materials - Pan Tinghong, Teng Huaijin, Liao Hengcheng, Jiang Yaqing et al. (2022-03)
Effect of Shaping Plate Apparatus on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Cement-Based Materials:
Experimental and Numerical Studies - Liu Siyu, Lu Bing, Li Hongliang, Pan Zehua et al. (2022-03)
A Comparative Study on Environmental Performance of 3D Printing and Conventional Casting of Concrete Products with Industrial Wastes - Sayegh Sameh, Romdhane Lotfi, Manjikian Solair (2022-03)
A Critical Review of 3D Printing in Construction:
Benefits, Challenges, and Risks - Wang Li, Yang Yu, Yao Liang, Ma Guowei (2022-02)
Interfacial Bonding Properties of 3D Printed Permanent Formwork with the Post-Casted Concrete - Zhong Hui, Zhang Mingzhong (2022-02)
3D Printing Geopolymers:
A Review - Guamán-Rivera Robert, Martínez-Rocamora Alejandro, García-Alvarado Rodrigo, Muñoz-Sanguinetti Claudia et al. (2022-02)
Recent Developments and Challenges of 3D Printed Construction:
A Review of Research Fronts - Ali Md., Issayev Gani, Shehab Essam, Sarfraz Shoaib (2022-02)
A Critical Review of 3D Printing and Digital Manufacturing in Construction Engineering - Kaushik Sandipan, Sonebi Mohammed, Amato Giuseppina, Perrot Arnaud et al. (2022-02)
Influence of Nano-Clay on the Fresh and Rheological Behavior of 3D Printing Mortar - Heidarnezhad Fatemeh, Zhang Qian (2022-01)
Shotcrete-Based 3D Concrete Printing:
State of Art, Challenges, and Opportunities - Buswell Richard, Bos Freek, Silva Wilson, Hack Norman et al. (2022-01)
Digital Fabrication with Cement-Based Materials:
Process Classification and Case Studies - Wu Zhengyu, Memari Ali, Duarte José (2022-01)
State of the Art Review of Reinforcement-Strategies and Technologies for 3D Printing of Concrete - Castano-Alvarez Ruben, Calderon-Uriszar-Aldaca Iñigo, Marcos Ignacio (2021-12)
Applicability of Existing Models for the Strength Development of 3D Printed Thixotropic Concretes During Hardening - Zhang Ying, Wan Zhiming, Wu Lei (2021-12)
Study on Mechanical Properties of In-Situ Printed Reinforced Concrete Wall with Core Column - Yao Hao, Xie Zonglin, Li Zemin, Huang Chuhan et al. (2021-11)
The Relationship Between the Rheological Behavior and Inter-Layer Bonding Properties of 3D Printing Cementitious Materials with the Addition of Attapulgite - Nair Sooraj, Sant Gaurav, Neithalath Narayanan (2021-11)
Mathematical Morphology-Based Point-Cloud-Analysis-Techniques for Geometry-Assessment of 3D Printed Concrete Elements - Kondepudi Kala, Subramaniam Kolluru (2021-11)
Extrusion-Based Three-Dimensional Printing Performance of Alkali-Activated Binders - Nair Sooraj, Neithalath Narayanan (2021-11)
Flow Characterization of Three-Dimensional Printable Cementitious Pastes During Extrusion Using Capillary-Rheometry - Nespor B., Bohac M., Nejedlik M. (2021-11)
Development of Rapid-Set Mortar for Additive Manufacturing - Lyu Fuyan, Zhao Dongliang, Hou Xiaohui, Sun Li et al. (2021-10)
Overview of the Development of 3D Printing Concrete:
A Review - Prasad C. (2021-10)
3D Concrete Printing Technology Current Progress and Future Perspective:
A State of the Art Review - Rollakanti Chiranjeevi, Prasad C., Joe Adams (2021-10)
Digital Concrete for Sustainable Construction Industry:
A State of the Art Review - Mai (née Dressler) Inka, Brohmann Leon, Freund Niklas, Gantner Stefan et al. (2021-10)
Large Particle 3D Concrete Printing:
A Green and Viable Solution - Tran Mien, Cu Yen, Le Chau (2021-10)
Rheology and Shrinkage of Concrete Using Polypropylene-Fiber for 3D Concrete Printing - Dobrzanski James, Buswell Richard, Cavalaro Sergio, Kinnell Peter et al. (2021-09)
Milling a Cement-Based 3D Printable Mortar in Its Green State Using a Ball-Nosed Cutter - Nair Sooraj, Tripathi Avinaya, Neithalath Narayanan (2021-09)
Examining Layer-Height Effects on the Flexural and Fracture Response of Plain and Fiber-Reinforced 3D Printed Beams - Mechtcherine Viktor, Mai (née Dressler) Inka, Empelmann Martin, Gehlen Christoph et al. (2021-09)
Digital Concrete Construction by Means of Additive Processes:
State of the Art and Research Needs - Gülle Nur, Selçuk Semra (2021-08)
A Bibliometric Analysis on 3D Printed Concrete in Architecture - Aziz Saqib, Apellániz Diego, Weber Max, Getti Giovanni et al. (2021-08)
Towards a Multifunctional 3DCP Slab System - Volpe Stelladriana, Sangiorgio Valentino, Petrella Andrea, Coppola Armando et al. (2021-08)
Building Envelope Prefabricated with 3D Printing Technology - Guimarães Ana, Delgado João, Lucas Sandra (2021-07)
Advanced Manufacturing in Civil Engineering - Ko Chien-Ho (2021-06)
Constraints and Limitations of Concrete 3D Printing in Architecture - Caron Jean-François, Demont Léo, Ducoulombier Nicolas, Mesnil Romain (2021-06)
3D Printing of Mortar with Continuous Fibers:
Principle, Properties and Potential for Application - Xiao Jianzhuang, Ji Guangchao, Zhang Yamei, Ma Guowei et al. (2021-06)
Large-Scale 3D Printing Concrete Technology:
Current Status and Future Opportunities - Pan Yifan, Zhang Yulu, Zhang Dakang, Song Yuying (2021-05)
3D Printing in Construction:
State of the Art and Applications - Chung Jihoon, Lee Ghang, Kim Jung-Hoon (2021-04)
Framework for Technical Specifications of 3D Concrete Printers - Schuldt Steven, Jagoda Jeneé, Hoisington Andrew, Delorit Justin (2021-03)
A Systematic Review and Analysis of the Viability of 3D Printed Construction in Remote Environments - Ye Junhong, Cui Can, Yu Jiangtao, Yu Kequan et al. (2021-02)
Effect of Polyethylene-Fiber Content on Workability and Mechanical-Anisotropic Properties of 3D Printed Ultra-High-Ductile Concrete - Ye Junhong, Cui Can, Yu Jiangtao, Yu Kequan et al. (2021-01)
Fresh and Anisotropic-Mechanical Properties of 3D Printable Ultra-High-Ductile Concrete with Crumb-Rubber - Vallurupalli Kavya, Farzadnia Nima, Khayat Kamal (2021-01)
Effect of Flow Behavior and Process-Induced Variations on Shape Stability of 3D Printed Elements:
A Review - Baz Bilal, Rémond Sébastien, Aouad Georges (2021-01)
Influence of the Mix Composition on the Thixotropy of 3D Printable Mortars - Mohammad Malek, Masad Eyad, Ghamdi Sami (2020-12)
3D Concrete Printing Sustainability:
A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Four Construction Method Scenarios - Bohuchval Marie, Sonebi Mohammed, Amziane Sofiane, Perrot Arnaud (2020-12)
Effect of Metakaolin and Natural Fibers on Three-Dimensional Printing Mortar - Vasilić Ksenija (2020-12)
Additive Manufacturing in Concrete Construction:
Current Status - Kaszyńska Maria, Skibicki Szymon, Hoffmann Marcin (2020-12)
3D Concrete Printing for Sustainable Construction - Bester Frederick, Heever Marchant, Kruger Jacques, Zijl Gideon (2020-11)
Reinforcing Digitally Fabricated Concrete:
A Systems Approach Review - Jones Scott (2020-11)
Fused Filament-Fabrication Printer Modified to Dispense Cement-Paste for Concrete Additive Manufacturing Studies - Pierre Alexandre, Weger Daniel, Perrot Arnaud, Lowke Dirk (2020-11)
Additive Manufacturing of Cementitious Materials by Selective Paste-Intrusion:
Numerical Modeling of the Flow Using a 2D-Axisymmetric Phase-Field-Method - Joh Changbin, Lee Jungwoo, Bui The, Park Jihun et al. (2020-11)
Buildability and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Concrete - Chung Jihoon, Lee Ghang, Kim Jung-Hoon (2020-10)
A Systematic Review of the Geographic and Chronological Distributions of 3D Concrete Printers from 1997 to 2020 - Craveiro Flávio, Bártolo Helena, Duarte José, Bartolo Paulo (2020-10)
A Multi-Material Extrusion-Nozzle for Functionally-Graded Concrete Printing - Xu Xuchu, Wang Ruoyu, Cao Qiming, Feng Chen (2020-10)
Towards 3D-Perception and Closed-Loop-Control for 3D Construction Printing - Mohan Manu, Rahul Attupurathu, Schutter Geert, Tittelboom Kim (2020-10)
Extrusion-Based Concrete 3D Printing from a Material Perspective:
A State of the Art Review - Alchaar Aktham, Tamimi Adil (2020-10)
Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Concrete in Hot Temperatures - Lao Wenxin, Li Mingyang, Tjahjowidodo Tegoeh (2020-09)
Variable-Geometry Nozzle for Surface Quality Enhancement in 3D Concrete Printing - Souza Marcelo, Ferreira Igor, Moraes Elisângela, Senff Luciano et al. (2020-09)
3D Printed Concrete for Large-Scale Buildings:
An Overview of Rheology, Printing Parameters, Chemical Admixtures, Reinforcements, and Economic and Environmental Prospects - Chu Shaohua, Li Leo, Kwan Albert (2020-09)
Development of Extrudable High-Strength Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Incorporating Nano-Calcium-Carbonate - Hansemann Georg, Schmid Robert, Holzinger Christoph, Tapley Joshua et al. (2020-09)
Additive Fabrication of Concrete Elements by Robots:
Lightweight Concrete Ceiling - Li Zhanzhao, Hojati Maryam, Wu Zhengyu, Piasente Jonathon et al. (2020-07)
Fresh and Hardened Properties of Extrusion-Based 3D Printed Cementitious Materials:
A Review - Hack Norman, Kloft Harald (2020-07)
Shotcrete 3D Printing Technology for the Fabrication of Slender Fully Reinforced Freeform Concrete Elements with High Surface Quality:
A Real-Scale Demonstrator - Wang Yu, Li Shuaishuai, Qin Tian, Yu Ying et al. (2020-07)
Concrete 3D Printing:
System Development, Process Planning and Experimental Results - Federowicz Karol, Kaszyńska Maria, Zieliński Adam, Hoffmann Marcin (2020-06)
Effect of Curing Methods on Shrinkage Development in 3D Printed Concrete - Xu Jie, Buswell Richard, Kinnell Peter, Biro Istvan et al. (2020-06)
Inspecting Manufacturing Precision of 3D Printed Concrete Parts Based on Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing - Alhumayani Hashem, Gomaa Mohamed, Soebarto Veronica, Jabi Wassim (2020-06)
Environmental Assessment of Large-Scale 3D Printing in Construction:
A Comparative Study between Cob and Concrete - Guamán-Rivera Robert, García-Alvarado Rodrigo, Martínez-Rocamora Alejandro, Cheein Fernando (2020-05)
A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Different Mobile Manipulators Used as Displaceable 3D Printers of Building Elements for the Construction Industry - Buswell Richard, Silva Wilson, Bos Freek, Schipper Roel et al. (2020-05)
A Process Classification Framework for Defining and Describing Digital Fabrication with Concrete - Lloret-Fritschi Ena, Wangler Timothy, Gebhard Lukas, Mata-Falcón Jaime et al. (2020-05)
From Smart Dynamic Casting to a Growing Family of Digital Casting Systems - Assaad Joseph, Yassin Abdallah, Sakka Fatima, Hamzeh Farook (2020-05)
A Modular Approach for Steel Reinforcing of 3D Printed Concrete:
Preliminary Study - Allouzi Rawan, Azhari Wael, Allouzi Rabab (2020-05)
Conventional Construction and 3D Printing:
A Comparison Study on Material-Cost in Jordan - Burger Joris, Lloret-Fritschi Ena, Scotto Fabio, Demoulin Thibault et al. (2020-04)
Eggshell:
Ultra-Thin Three-Dimensional Printed Formwork for Concrete Structures - Menna Costantino, Mata-Falcón Jaime, Bos Freek, Vantyghem Gieljan et al. (2020-04)
Opportunities and Challenges for Structural Engineering of Digitally Fabricated Concrete - Damme Henri (2020-04)
Challenges and Opportunities for Concrete in the Digital Era - Pham Luong, Tran Jonathan, Sanjayan Jay (2020-04)
Steel-Fiber-Reinforced 3D Printed Concrete:
Influence of Fiber Sizes on Mechanical Performance - Hack Norman, Mai (née Dressler) Inka, Brohmann Leon, Gantner Stefan et al. (2020-03)
Injection 3D Concrete Printing (I3DCP):
Basic Principles and Case Studies - Torelli Giacomo, Fernández Mar, Lees Janet (2020-02)
Functionally Graded Concrete:
Design Objectives, Production Techniques and Analysis Methods for Layered and Continuously Graded Elements - Ahmed Zeeshan, Bos Freek, Brunschot Maikel, Salet Theo (2020-02)
On-Demand Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Concrete - Lao Wenxin, Li Mingyang, Wong Teck, Tan Ming et al. (2020-02)
Improving Surface-Finish-Quality in Extrusion-Based 3D Concrete Printing Using Machine-Learning-Based Extrudate-Geometry-Control - Akulova I., Slavcheva Galina (2020-02)
Methodical Approach to Calculation of the Maintenance Cost for 3D Built Printing Equipment - Mai (née Dressler) Inka, Freund Niklas, Lowke Dirk (2020-01)
The Effect of Accelerator Dosage on Fresh Concrete Properties and on Inter-Layer Strength in Shotcrete 3D Printing - Nishijo Keisuke, Ohno Motohiro, Ishida Tetsuya (2019-12)
Quantitative Evaluation of Buildability in 3D Concrete Printing Based on Shear-Vane-Test - Kontovourkis Odysseas, Tryfonos George (2019-11)
Robotic 3D Clay Printing of Prefabricated Non-Conventional Wall Components Based on a Parametric-Integrated Design - Tiryaki Mehmet, Zhang Xu, Pham Quang-Cuong (2019-11)
Printing-While-Moving:
A New Paradigm for Large-Scale Robotic 3D Printing - Adilenidou Yota, Ahmed Zeeshan, Bos Freek, Colletti Marjan (2019-10)
Unprintable Forms - Marchment Taylor, Sanjayan Jay (2019-10)
Mesh Reinforcing Method for 3D Concrete Printing - Paolini Alexander, Kollmannsberger Stefan, Rank Ernst (2019-10)
Additive Manufacturing in Construction:
A Review on Processes, Applications, and Digital Planning Methods - Vasilić Ksenija (2019-09)
Additive Manufacturing in Concrete Construction:
Current Status - Valente Marco, Sibai Abbas, Sambucci Matteo (2019-09)
Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing of Concrete Products:
Revolutionizing and Remodeling the Construction Industry - Zhang Xun, Flood Ian, Zhang Yuanxin, Moud Hashem et al. (2019-06)
A Cost-Model to Evaluate the Economic Performance of Contour Crafting - Wangler Timothy, Roussel Nicolas, Bos Freek, Salet Theo et al. (2019-06)
Digital Concrete:
A Review - Kontovourkis Odysseas, Tryfonos George, Georgiou Christos (2019-06)
Robotic Additive Manufacturing (RAM) with Clay Using Topology-Optimization Principles for Tool-Path-Planning:
The Example of a Building Element - Hamidi Fatemeh, Aslani Farhad (2019-05)
Additive Manufacturing of Cementitious Composites:
Materials, Methods, Potentials, and Challenge - Perrot Arnaud, Amziane Sofiane (2019-04)
3D Printing in Concrete:
General Considerations and Technologies - Perrot Arnaud, Rangeard Damien (2019-04)
3D Printing in Concrete:
Techniques for Extrusion-Casting - Mazhoud Brahim, Perrot Arnaud, Picandet Vincent, Rangeard Damien et al. (2019-04)
Underwater 3D Printing of Cement-Based Mortar - Marchment Taylor, Sanjayan Jay, Xia Ming (2019-03)
Method of Enhancing Inter-Layer Bond Strength in Construction-Scale 3D Printing with Mortar by Effective Bond Area Amplification - Lu Bing, Weng Yiwei, Li Mingyang, Qian Ye et al. (2019-02)
A Systematical Review of 3D Printable Cementitious Materials - Kaszyńska Maria, Olczyk Norbert, Techman Mateusz, Skibicki Szymon et al. (2019-02)
Thermal-Humidity Parameters of 3D Printed Wall - Cao Xiangpeng, Li Zongjin (2019-02)
Factors Influencing the Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Printed Products From Magnesium-Potassium-Phosphate Cement Material - Feng Peng, Meng Xinmiao, Chen Jian-Fei, Ye Lieping (2019-02)
Mechanical Properties of Structures 3D Printed with Cementitious Powders - Malaeb Zeina, Sakka Fatima, Hamzeh Farook (2019-02)
3D Concrete Printing:
Machine Design, Mix Proportioning, and Mix Comparison Between Different Machine Setups - Rushing Todd, Stynoski Peter, Barna Lynette, Chaar Ghassan et al. (2019-02)
Investigation of Concrete Mixtures for Additive Construction - Weng Yiwei, Li Mingyang, Tan Ming, Qian Shunzhi (2019-02)
Design 3D Printing Cementitious Materials via Fuller-Thompson-Theory and Marson-Percy-Model - Xia Ming, Nematollahi Behzad, Sanjayan Jay (2019-02)
Development of Powder-Based 3D Concrete Printing Using Geopolymers - Kaufhold Julia, Kohl Johannes, Nerella Venkatesh, Schröfl Christof et al. (2019-02)
Wood-Based Support Material for Extrusion-Based Digital Construction - Rahul Attupurathu, Santhanam Manu, Meena Hitesh, Ghani Zimam (2018-12)
3D Printable Concrete:
Mixture-Design and Test-Methods - Liu Zhixin, Li Mingyang, Weng Yiwei, Wong Teck et al. (2018-12)
Mixture-Design-Approach to Optimize the Rheological Properties of the Material Used in 3D Cementitious Material-Printing - Teizer Jochen, Blickle Alexander, King Tobias, Leitzbach Olaf et al. (2018-10)
BIM for 3D Printing in Construction - Weng Yiwei, Lu Bing, Li Mingyang, Liu Zhixin et al. (2018-09)
Empirical Models to Predict Rheological Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites for 3D Printing - Esnault Vivien, Labyad A., Chantin Marjorie, Toussaint Fabrice (2018-09)
Experience in On-Line Modification of Rheology and Strength Acquisition of 3D Printable Mortars - Zhang Xu, Li Mingyang, Lim Jian, Weng Yiwei et al. (2018-08)
Large-Scale 3D Printing by a Team of Mobile Robots - Bhardwaj Abhinav, Zou Na, Pei Zhijian (2018-06)
Additive Manufacturing for Civil Infrastructure Design and Construction:
Current State and Gaps - Buswell Richard, Silva Wilson, Jones Scott, Dirrenberger Justin (2018-06)
3D Printing Using Concrete-Extrusion:
A Roadmap for Research - Wolfs Robert, Bos Freek, Salet Theo (2018-06)
Correlation Between Destructive Compression Tests and Non-Destructive Ultrasonic Measurements on Early-Age 3D Printed Concrete - Asprone Domenico, Menna Costantino, Bos Freek, Salet Theo et al. (2018-06)
Rethinking Reinforcement for Digital Fabrication with Concrete - Salet Theo, Ahmed Zeeshan, Bos Freek, Laagland Hans (2018-05)
Design of a 3D Printed Concrete Bridge by Testing - Mechtcherine Viktor, Grafe Jasmin, Nerella Venkatesh, Spaniol Erik et al. (2018-05)
3D Printed Steel-Reinforcement for Digital Concrete Construction:
Manufacture, Mechanical Properties and Bond Behavior - Panda Biranchi, Tay Yi, Paul Suvash, Tan Ming (2018-05)
Current Challenges and Future Potential of 3D Concrete Printing - Scotto Fabio, Lloret-Fritschi Ena, Gramazio Fabio, Kohler Matthias et al. (2018-05)
Adaptive Control-System for Smart Dynamic Casting:
Defining Fabrication-Informed Design-Tools and Process-Parameters in Digital Fabrication-Processes - Liu Zhixin, Li Mingyang, Wong Teck, Tan Ming (2018-05)
Measurement of the Fresh Rheological Properties of Material in 3D Printing - Salet Theo, Ahmed Zeeshan, Bos Freek (2018-05)
3D Printed Concrete Bridge - Paul Suvash, Zijl Gideon, Tan Ming, Gibson Ian (2018-05)
A Review of 3D Concrete Printing Systems and Materials Properties:
Current Status and Future Research Prospects - Zareiyan Babak, Khoshnevis Behrokh (2018-05)
Effects of Mixture Ingredients on Extrudability of Concrete in Contour Crafting - Ghaffar Seyed, Corker Jorge, Fan Mizi (2018-05)
Additive Manufacturing Technology and Its Implementation in Construction as an Eco-Innovative Solution - Hojati Maryam, Nazarian Shadi, Duarte José, Radlińska Aleksandra et al. (2018-04)
3D Printing of Concrete:
A Continuous Exploration of Mix-Design and Printing-Process - Zareiyan Babak, Khoshnevis Behrokh (2018-04)
_Effects of Mixture Ingredients on Inter-Layer Adhesion of Concrete in Contour Crafting - Perrot Arnaud, Rangeard Damien, Courteille Eric (2018-04)
3D Printing of Earth-Based Materials:
Processing Aspects - Wolfs Robert, Bos Freek, Salet Theo (2018-02)
Early-Age Mechanical Behaviour of 3D Printed Concrete:
Numerical Modelling and Experimental Testing - Delgado Camacho Daniel, Clayton Patricia, Brien William, Seepersad Carolyn et al. (2018-02)
Applications of Additive Manufacturing in the Construction Industry:
A Forward-Looking Review - Pierre Alexandre, Weger Daniel, Perrot Arnaud, Lowke Dirk (2018-01)
Penetration of Cement-Pastes into Sand-Packings During 3D Printing:
Analytical and Experimental Study - Weng Yiwei, Li Mingyang, Tan Ming, Qian Shunzhi (2018-01)
Design 3D Printing Cementitious Materials via Fuller-Thompson-Theory and Marson-Percy-Model - Bos Freek, Ahmed Zeeshan, Jutinov Evgeniy, Salet Theo (2017-11)
Experimental Exploration of Metal-Cable as Reinforcement in 3D Printed Concrete - Richardson Victoria (2017-10)
3D Printing Becomes Concrete:
Exploring the Structural Potential of Concrete 3D Printing - Bhooshan Shajay, Mele Tom, Block Philippe (2017-09)
Equilibrium-Aware Shape Design for Concrete Printing - Ma Guowei, Wang Li (2017-08)
A Critical Review of Preparation Design and Workability Measurement of Concrete Material for Large-Scale 3D Printing - Panda Biranchi, Paul Suvash, Lim Jian, Tay Yi et al. (2017-08)
Additive Manufacturing of Geopolymer for Sustainable Built Environment - Zareiyan Babak, Khoshnevis Behrokh (2017-08)
Effects of Interlocking on Inter-Layer Adhesion and Strength of Structures in 3D Printing of Concrete - Craveiro Flávio, Bártolo Helena, Gale Andrew, Duarte José et al. (2017-07)
A Design Tool for Resource-Efficient Fabrication of 3D Graded Structural Building Components Using Additive Manufacturing - Kontovourkis Odysseas, Tryfonos George (2017-07)
Integrating Parametric Design with Robotic Additive Manufacturing for 3D Clay Printing:
An Experimental Study - Nematollahi Behzad, Xia Ming, Sanjayan Jay (2017-07)
Current Progress of 3D Concrete Printing Technologies - Anjum Taqdees, Dongre Poorvesh, Misbah Fozail, Nanyam V. (2017-06)
Purview of 3DP in the Indian Built Environment Sector - Zareiyan Babak, Khoshnevis Behrokh (2017-06)
Inter-Layer Adhesion and Strength of Structures in Contour Crafting:
Effects of Aggregate-Size, Extrusion-Rate, and Layer-Thickness - Kazemian Ali, Yuan Xiao, Meier Ryan, Cochran Evan et al. (2017-06)
Construction-Scale 3D Printing:
Shape Stability of Fresh Printing Concrete - Kumar Nitish, Hack Norman, Dörfler Kathrin, Walzer Alexander et al. (2017-06)
Design, Development and Experimental Assessment of a Robotic End-Effector for Non-Standard Concrete Applications - Krimi Imane, Lafhaj Zoubeir, Ducoulombier Laure (2017-05)
Prospective Study on the Integration of Additive Manufacturing to Building Industry:
Case of a French Construction Company - Tay Yi, Panda Biranchi, Paul Suvash, Mohamed Nisar et al. (2017-05)
3D Printing Trends in Building and Construction Industry:
A Review - Biernacki Joseph, Bullard Jeffrey, Sant Gaurav, Banthia Nemkumar et al. (2017-04)
Cements in the 21st Century:
Challenges, Perspectives, and Opportunities - Agustí-Juan Isolda, Müller Florian, Hack Norman, Wangler Timothy et al. (2017-04)
Potential Benefits of Digital Fabrication for Complex Structures:
Environmental Assessment of a Robotically Fabricated Concrete Wall - Secrieru Egor, Fataei Shirin, Schröfl Christof, Mechtcherine Viktor (2017-04)
Study on Concrete Pumpability Combining Different Laboratory Tools and Linkage to Rheology - Rushing Todd, Chaar Ghassan, Eick Brian, Burroughs Jedadiah et al. (2017-01)
Investigation of Concrete Mixtures for Additive Construction - Wangler Timothy, Lloret-Fritschi Ena, Reiter Lex, Hack Norman et al. (2016-10)
Digital Concrete:
Opportunities and Challenges - Sobotka Anna, Pacewicz Katarzyna (2016-10)
Building Site Organization with 3D Technology in Use - Bos Freek, Wolfs Robert, Ahmed Zeeshan, Salet Theo (2016-08)
Additive Manufacturing of Concrete in Construction:
Potentials and Challenges of 3D Concrete Printing - Teizer Jochen, Blickle Alexander, King Tobias, Leitzbach Olaf et al. (2016-07)
Large-Scale 3D Printing of Complex Geometric Shapes in Construction - Lim Sungwoo, Buswell Richard, Valentine Philip, Piker Daniel et al. (2016-06)
Modelling Curved-Layered Printing Paths for Fabricating Large-Scale Construction Components - Feng Peng, Meng Xinmiao, Chen Jian-Fei, Ye Lieping (2015-06)
Mechanical Properties of Structures 3D Printed with Cementitious Powders - Perkins Isaac, Skitmore Martin (2015-03)
Three-Dimensional Printing in the Construction Industry:
A Review - Perrot Arnaud, Rangeard Damien, Pierre Alexandre (2015-02)
Structural Build-Up of Cement-Based Materials Used for 3D Printing-Extrusion-Techniques - Martins Pedro, Sousa José (2014-09)
Digital Fabrication Technology in Concrete Architecture - Keating Steven, Spielberg Nathan, Klein John, Oxman Neri (2014-05)
A Compound Arm Approach to Digital Construction:
A Mobile Large-Scale Platform for On-Site Sensing, Design, and Digital Fabrication - Carlo Tony, Khoshnevis Behrokh, Chen Yong (2013-11)
Manufacturing Additively, with Fresh Concrete - Jeon Kwang-Hyun, Park Min-Beom, Kang Min-Kyung, Kim Jung-Hoon (2013-11)
Development of an Automated Freeform Construction System and Its Construction Materials - Le Thanh, Austin Simon, Lim Sungwoo, Buswell Richard et al. (2012-01)
Hardened Properties of High-Performance Printing Concrete - Lim Sungwoo, Buswell Richard, Le Thanh, Austin Simon et al. (2011-07)
Developments in Construction-Scale Additive Manufacturing Processes - Lim Sungwoo, Buswell Richard, Le Thanh, Wackrow Rene et al. (2011-07)
Development of a Viable Concrete Printing Process - Buswell Richard, Thorpe Tony, Soar Rupert, Gibb Alistar (2008-05)
Design, Data and Process Issues for Mega-Scale Rapid Manufacturing Machines Used for Construction
BibTeX
@article{khos_hwan_yao_yeh.2006.MSFbCC,
author = "Behrokh Khoshnevis and Dooil Hwang and Ke Thia Yao and Zhenghao Yeh",
title = "Mega-Scale Fabrication by Contour Crafting",
doi = "10.1504/ijise.2006.009791",
year = "2006",
journal = "International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering",
volume = "1",
number = "3",
pages = "301--319",
}
Formatted Citation
B. Khoshnevis, D. Hwang, K. T. Yao and Z. Yeh, “Mega-Scale Fabrication by Contour Crafting”, International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 301–319, 2006, doi: 10.1504/ijise.2006.009791.
Khoshnevis, Behrokh, Dooil Hwang, Ke Thia Yao, and Zhenghao Yeh. “Mega-Scale Fabrication by Contour Crafting”. International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering 1, no. 3 (2006): 301–19. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijise.2006.009791.