Skip to content

Investigation of the Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Mixes Involving the Use of Nano-Clay and Nucleation-Seeds for 3D Printing (2020-01)

10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107826

 Panda Biranchi,  Ruan Shaoqin,  Unluer Cise,  Tan Ming
Journal Article - Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 186

Abstract

This study investigated the properties of alkali activated slag (AAS) binders formulated for extrusion-based 3D printing. The fresh properties of AAS mixes were tailored through the use of nanoclay (NC) and nucleation seeds. The printability criteria employed were the ease of extrusion (extrudability) and the stability of the layered structure (buildability). Introduction of 0.4% NC in AAS mixes led to improved thixotropic properties due to the flocculation effect, which accounted for the extrudability and shape fidelity of the binder. Inclusion of 2% hydromagnesite seeds in this mix design provided additional nucleation sites for the increased precipitation of hydrate phases, resulting in denser microstructures. This enhanced the hydration reaction and improved the structural build-up rate necessary for large-scale 3D printing. The developed AAS mix containing 0.4% NC and 2% hydromagnesite seeds was used in the printing of an actual 3D structure to demonstrate its feasibility to be used in 3D printing applications.

27 References

  1. Alghamdi Hussam, Neithalath Narayanan (2019-07)
    Synthesis and Characterization of 3D Printable Geopolymeric Foams for Thermally Efficient Building Envelope Materials
  2. Asprone Domenico, Menna Costantino, Bos Freek, Salet Theo et al. (2018-06)
    Rethinking Reinforcement for Digital Fabrication with Concrete
  3. Bong Shin, Nematollahi Behzad, Nazari Ali, Xia Ming et al. (2018-09)
    Fresh and Hardened Properties of 3D Printable Geopolymer Cured in Ambient Temperature
  4. Buswell Richard, Silva Wilson, Jones Scott, Dirrenberger Justin (2018-06)
    3D Printing Using Concrete-Extrusion:
    A Roadmap for Research
  5. Buswell Richard, Thorpe Tony, Soar Rupert, Gibb Alistar (2008-05)
    Design, Data and Process Issues for Mega-Scale Rapid Manufacturing Machines Used for Construction
  6. Chen Yu, Li Zhenming, Figueiredo Stefan, Çopuroğlu Oğuzhan et al. (2019-04)
    Limestone and Calcined-Clay-Based Sustainable Cementitious Materials for 3D Concrete Printing:
    A Fundamental Study of Extrudability and Early-Age Strength Development
  7. Davtalab Omid, Kazemian Ali, Khoshnevis Behrokh (2018-01)
    Perspectives on a BIM-Integrated Software Platform for Robotic Construction through Contour Crafting
  8. Figueiredo Stefan, Rodríguez Claudia, Ahmed Zeeshan, Bos Derk et al. (2019-03)
    An Approach to Develop Printable Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites
  9. Kazemian Ali, Yuan Xiao, Cochran Evan, Khoshnevis Behrokh (2017-04)
    Cementitious Materials for Construction-Scale 3D Printing:
    Laboratory Testing of Fresh Printing Mixture
  10. Le Thanh, Austin Simon, Lim Sungwoo, Buswell Richard et al. (2012-01)
    Mix-Design and Fresh Properties for High-Performance Printing Concrete
  11. Lim Jian, Panda Biranchi, Pham Quang-Cuong (2018-05)
    Improving Flexural Characteristics of 3D Printed Geopolymer Composites with In-Process Steel-Cable-Reinforcement
  12. Ma Guowei, Li Zhijian, Wang Li, Wang Fang et al. (2019-01)
    Mechanical Anisotropy of Aligned Fiber-Reinforced Composite for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing
  13. Ngo Tuan, Kashani Alireza, Imbalzano Gabriele, Nguyen Quynh et al. (2018-02)
    Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing):
    A Review of Materials, Methods, Applications and Challenges
  14. Panda Biranchi, Lim Jian, Tan Ming (2019-02)
    Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Early-Age Concrete in the Context of Digital Construction
  15. Panda Biranchi, Mohamed Nisar, Paul Suvash, Bhagath Singh Gangapatnam et al. (2019-07)
    The Effect of Material Fresh Properties and Process Parameters on Buildability and Inter-Layer Adhesion of 3D Printed Concrete
  16. Panda Biranchi, Paul Suvash, Lim Jian, Tay Yi et al. (2017-08)
    Additive Manufacturing of Geopolymer for Sustainable Built Environment
  17. Panda Biranchi, Paul Suvash, Mohamed Nisar, Tay Yi et al. (2017-09)
    Measurement of Tensile Bond Strength of 3D Printed Geopolymer Mortar
  18. Panda Biranchi, Ruan Shaoqin, Unluer Cise, Tan Ming (2018-11)
    Improving the 3D Printability of High-Volume Fly-Ash Mixtures via the Use of Nano-Attapulgite-Clay
  19. Panda Biranchi, Tan Ming (2018-03)
    Experimental Study on Mix Proportion and Fresh Properties of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer for 3D Concrete Printing
  20. Panda Biranchi, Tan Ming (2018-11)
    Rheological Behavior of High-Volume Fly-Ash Mixtures Containing Micro-Silica for Digital Construction Application
  21. Panda Biranchi, Unluer Cise, Tan Ming (2018-10)
    Investigation of the Rheology and Strength of Geopolymer Mixtures for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing
  22. Paul Suvash, Tay Yi, Panda Biranchi, Tan Ming (2017-08)
    Fresh and Hardened Properties of 3D Printable Cementitious Materials for Building and Construction
  23. Reiter Lex, Wangler Timothy, Roussel Nicolas, Flatt Robert (2018-06)
    The Role of Early-Age Structural Build-Up in Digital Fabrication with Concrete
  24. Roussel Nicolas (2018-05)
    Rheological Requirements for Printable Concretes
  25. Schutter Geert, Lesage Karel, Mechtcherine Viktor, Nerella Venkatesh et al. (2018-08)
    Vision of 3D Printing with Concrete:
    Technical, Economic and Environmental Potentials
  26. Tay Yi, Panda Biranchi, Paul Suvash, Mohamed Nisar et al. (2017-05)
    3D Printing Trends in Building and Construction Industry:
    A Review
  27. Wangler Timothy, Roussel Nicolas, Bos Freek, Salet Theo et al. (2019-06)
    Digital Concrete:
    A Review

106 Citations

  1. Amjad Umar, Irshidat Mohammad, Maurya Muni, Rizmin Khadeejath et al. (2026-03)
    Sustainable 3D Mortar Printing:
    Material Optimization and Ultrasonic Characterization for Enhanced Construction Performance
  2. Fang Yuan, Zhang Wenyang, Xiao Yuan, Zhang Zuhua et al. (2026-02)
    Enhancing the Printability and Mechanical Strength of 3D-Printed Geopolymers through Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O System Regulation
  3. Zhang Weiwei, Qiu Ming, Yin Binbin, Banthia Nemkumar et al. (2026-01)
    Time-Resolved Reaction Kinetics and Printability Evolution of One-Part Alkali-Activated Materials for 3D Printing
  4. Tushar Fazlul, Hasan Mehedi, Hasan Kamrul, Mawa Jannatul et al. (2026-01)
    Factors Affecting Flowability and Rheological Behavior of 3D Printed Concrete:
    A Comprehensive Review
  5. Tang Jiyu, Wang Zhihang, Gao Danying, Yang Lin et al. (2025-11)
    Research Progress on 3D Printed Geopolymer Concrete
  6. Elhag Ahmed, Mabrouk Abdelkader, Ghazouani Nejib, Nasir Umara (2025-09)
    Advances in Sustainable 3D-Printed Geopolymer Concrete:
    Materials, Performance, and Environmental Impact in Next Generation Green Construction
  7. Chen Yanjuan, Cheikh Khadija, Rahier Hubert (2025-07)
    Methodology for the Design and Optimization of Potassium Silicate-Activated Slag Used as the Binder of 3D Printable Materials
  8. Álvarez-Fernández Martina, Guerrero-Miguel Diego-José, González-Nicieza Celestino, Prendes-Gero María et al. (2025-06)
    Mortars with Mining Tailings Aggregates:
    Implications for Additive Manufacturing
  9. Kumar Sandeep, Kumar Abhishek, Pundir Aakanksha, Dwivedi Ashutosh et al. (2025-06)
    Low-Clay Soil as Fine Aggregate in 3D Printed Concrete:
    Insights into Fresh and Hardened Properties
  10. Nayaka Ramesh, Kumar H., Sharif Ahamed, Zhang Y. (2025-05)
    Exploring Key Aspects and Sustainable Benefits of 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP):
    A Selective Review
  11. Jaji Mustapha, Babafemi Adewumi, Zijl Gideon (2025-05)
    Mechanical Performance of Extrusion-Based Two-Part 3D-Printed Geopolymer Concrete:
    A Review of Advances in Laboratory and Real-Scale Construction Projects
  12. Das B., Prathap Y., Sandeep Ankit, Vaghamshi Keval et al. (2025-05)
    Reviewing the Materials Selection, Rheology, Durability, and Microstructural Characteristics of 3D Printed Concrete
  13. Ali Shah Syed, Zhang Shipeng, Xuan Dongxing, Poon Chi (2025-04)
    Development of a Novel Mixing Strategy for Set-on-Demand Printing of One-Part Geopolymer Using Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash and Blast Furnace Slag
  14. Maralapalle Vedprakash, Kumavat Hemraj, Nadaf Maheboobsab, Zende Aijaz et al. (2025-04)
    Optimizing 3D Geopolymer Concrete for Sustainable Construction:
    A Review of Material Selection, Printing Methods, and Properties
  15. Abudawaba Fareh, Gomaa Eslam, Gheni Ahmed, Feys Dimitri et al. (2025-03)
    Evaluation of Fresh Properties of High Calcium Content Fly Ash-Based Alkali-Activated 3D-Printed Mortar
  16. Aktürk Büşra, Ertuğrul Onur, Özen Ömer, Oktay Didem et al. (2025-03)
    Influence of Nano-Silica and R-MgO on Rheological Properties, 3D Printability, and Mechanical Properties of One-Part Sodium Carbonate-Activated Slag-Based Mixes
  17. Gurunandan M., Nedunuri Aparna, Tanwar Jayant, Nanthagopalan Prakash et al. (2025-02)
    Development of 3D-Printable Alkali-Activated GGBFS and Fly-Ash-Binder-Based Mortars with Concrete-Demolition-Waste as Aggregates
  18. Kandy Sharu, Remke Sebastian, Ranganathan Thiyagarajan, Wani Shubham et al. (2025-01)
    Design and Function of Thermoresponsive-Ultrafast Stiffening Suspension Formulations for 3D Printing
  19. Sakhare Vishakha, Najar Mohamed, Deshpande Sachin (2024-12)
    Printing Performance of 3D Printed Geopolymer Through Pumpability, Extrudability, Buildability Properties:
    A Review
  20. Tarhan Yeşim, Tarhan İsmail, Şahin Remzi (2024-12)
    Comprehensive Review of Binder Matrices in 3D Printing Construction:
    Rheological Perspectives
  21. Zhou Longfei, Gou Mifeng, Zhang Haibo, Hama Yukio (2024-12)
    Investigation of Activated Bauxite-Tailings for Application in 3D Printed Concrete via a Modified Anderson and Anderson-Model
  22. Sahoo Pitabash, Gupta Souradeep (2024-11)
    3D Printing with Geopolymer-Stabilized Excavated Earth:
    Enhancement of Printability and Engineering-Performance Through Controlled Retardation
  23. Gomaa Shady, Irizarry Elmer, Ahmed Ayesha, Rosa Raul et al. (2024-11)
    3D Printing of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete:
    Shape Stability for Various Printing Systems
  24. Li L., Fang Z., Chu S., Kwan Albert (2024-11)
    Improving Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Mortar by Exploiting Synergistic Effects of Fly-Ash-Microsphere and Nano-Silica
  25. Murali Gunasekaran, Leong Sing (2024-11)
    Waste-Driven Construction:
    A State of the Art Review on the Integration of Waste in 3D Printed Concrete in Recent Researches for Sustainable Development
  26. Jin Peng, Hasany Masoud, Kohestanian Mohammad, Mehrali Mehdi (2024-10)
    Micro/Nano Additives in 3D Printing Concrete:
    Opportunities, Challenges, and Potential Outlook in Construction Applications
  27. Zhao Zhihui, Liu Minghao, Kang Aihong, Cai Xianhuan et al. (2024-08)
    Rheology and Buildability of Sustainable 3D Printed Magnesium-Potassium-Phosphate-Cement Composites Incorporating MgO-SiO2-K2HPO4
  28. Dai Xiaodi, Tao Yaxin, Zhang Yi, Ding Luchuan et al. (2024-08)
    Development of 3D Printable Alkali-Activated Slag-Metakaolin Concrete
  29. Asghari Y., Mohammadyan-Yasouj S., Petrů M., Ghandvar H. et al. (2024-07)
    3D Printing and Implementation of Engineered Cementitious Composites:
    A Review
  30. Barve Prasad, Bahrami Alireza, Shah Santosh (2024-07)
    A Comprehensive Review on Effects of Material-Composition, Mix-Design, and Mixing-Regimes on Rheology of 3D Printed Geopolymer Concrete
  31. He Lewei, Chen Bingzhi, Liu Qimin, Chen Hao et al. (2024-07)
    A Quasi-Exponential Distribution of Interfacial Voids and Its Effect on the Inter-Layer Strength of 3D Printed Concrete
  32. Peng Yiming, Unluer Cise (2024-06)
    Performance and Microstructural Development of 3D Printable MgO-SiO2 Mixes Containing Magnesium-Silicate-Monohydrate
  33. Basha Shaik, Nugraha Joshua, Rehman Atta, Choi Kichang et al. (2024-06)
    Structuration and Yield Strength Characterization of Hybrid Alkali-Activated Cement Composites for Ultra-Rapid 3D Construction Printing
  34. Kamakshi Tippabhotla, Subramaniam Kolluru (2024-05)
    Rheology-Control and 3D Concrete Printing with Fly Ash-Based Aqueous Nano-Silica Enhanced Alkali-Activated Binders
  35. Khan Mehran, McNally Ciaran (2024-05)
    Recent Developments on Low-Carbon 3D Printing Concrete:
    Revolutionizing Construction Through Innovative Technology
  36. Oulkhir Fatima, Akhrif Iatimad, Jai Mostapha (2024-05)
    3D Concrete Printing Success:
    An Exhaustive Diagnosis and Failure-Modes-Analysis
  37. Tao Yaxin, Dai Xiaodi, Schutter Geert, Tittelboom Kim (2024-05)
    Adhesion Performance of Alkali-Activated Material for 3D Printing of Tunnel Linings at Different Temperatures
  38. Chen Yuxuan, Zhang Longfei, Wei Kai, Gao Huaxing et al. (2024-04)
    Rheology-Control and Shrinkage-Mitigation of 3D Printed Geopolymer Concrete Using Nano-Cellulose and Magnesium-Oxide
  39. Peng Yiming, Unluer Cise (2024-04)
    Understanding the Rheological Behavior of Reactive Magnesia-Metakaolin System in the Context of Digital Construction
  40. Soda Prabhath, Dwivedi Ashutosh, Sahana C., Gupta Souradeep (2024-03)
    Development of 3D Printable Stabilized Earth-Based Construction Materials Using Excavated Soil:
    Evaluation of Fresh and Hardened Properties
  41. Moraes Maria, Nagata Ester, Duran Afonso, Rossignolo João (2024-02)
    Alkali-Activated Materials Applied in 3D Printing Construction:
    A Review
  42. Fahim Abdullah, Admassu Natnael, Dailey Garret, Moradllo Mehdi (2023-12)
    Application of Cellulose-Nano-Crystals in 3D Printed Alkali-Activated Cementitious Composites
  43. Jaji Mustapha, Zijl Gideon, Babafemi Adewumi (2023-11)
    Slag-Modified Metakaolin-Based 3D Printed Geopolymer:
    Mechanical Characterisation, Microstructural Properties, and Nitrogen Physisorption Pore-Analysis
  44. Shahmirzadi Mohsen, Gholampour Aliakbar, Kashani Alireza, Ngo Tuan (2023-10)
    Geopolymer Mortars for Use in Construction 3D Printing:
    Effect of LSS, Graphene-Oxide and Nano-Clay at Different Environmental Conditions
  45. Imram Ramsha, Rashid Ans, Khan Shoukat, İlcan Hüseyin et al. (2023-10)
    Buildability-Analysis on Squared Profile Structure in 3D Concrete Printing
  46. Ji Xuping, Pan Tinghong, Liu Xingyao, Zhao Wenhao et al. (2023-09)
    Characterization of Thixotropic Properties of Fresh Cement‐Based Materials
  47. Surehali Sahil, Tripathi Avinaya, Neithalath Narayanan (2023-08)
    Anisotropy in Additively Manufactured Concrete Specimens Under Compressive Loading:
    Quantification of the Effects of Layer-Height and Fiber-Reinforcement
  48. Jaji Mustapha, Zijl Gideon, Babafemi Adewumi (2023-08)
    Slag-Modified Fiber-Reinforced Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer for 3D Concrete Printing Application:
    Evaluating Fresh and Hardened Properties
  49. Mujeeb Syed, Samudrala Manideep, Lanjewar Bhagyashri, Chippagiri Ravijanya et al. (2023-05)
    Development of Alkali-Activated 3D Printable Concrete:
    A Review
  50. Sun Guangcheng, Wang Zhiguang, Yu Chengkun, Qian Xiaoqian et al. (2023-05)
    Properties and Microstructures of 3D Printable Sulphoaluminate-Cement Concrete Containing Industrial Byproducts and Nano-Clay
  51. Kanagasuntharam Sasitharan, Ramakrishnan Sayanthan, Muthukrishnan Shravan, Sanjayan Jay (2023-05)
    Effect of Magnetorheological Additives on the Buildability of 3D Concrete Printing
  52. Paul Suvash, Basit Md, Hasan Noor, Dey Dhrutiman et al. (2023-04)
    3D Printing of Geopolymer Mortar:
    Overview of the Effect of Mix-Design and Printing Parameters on the Strength
  53. Razzaghian Ghadikolaee Mehrdad, Cerro-Prada Elena, Pan Zhu, Korayem Asghar (2023-04)
    Nanomaterials as Promising Additives for High-Performance 3D Printed Concrete:
    A Critical Review
  54. Chen Hao, Zhang Daobo, Chen Peng, Li Ning et al. (2023-03)
    A Review of the Extruder System Design for Large-Scale Extrusion-Based 3D Concrete Printing
  55. Panda Biranchi, Tran Jonathan (2023-03)
    Material-Design, Additive Manufacturing, and Performance of Cement-Based Materials
  56. Dai Xiaodi, Tao Yaxin, Tittelboom Kim, Schutter Geert (2023-02)
    Rheological and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printable Alkali-Activated Slag Mixtures with Addition of Nano Clay
  57. Wang Yuxin, Aslani Farhad, Dyskin Arcady, Pasternak Elena (2023-01)
    Digital Twin Applications in 3D Concrete Printing
  58. Chu Shaohua, Yang En-Hua, Unluer Cise (2023-01)
    Development of Nanofiber-Reinforced Reactive Magnesia-Based Composites for 3D Printing
  59. Noaimat Yazeed, Ghaffar Seyed, Chougan Mehdi, Kheetan Mazen (2022-12)
    A Review of 3D Printing Low-Carbon Concrete with One-Part Geopolymer:
    Engineering, Environmental and Economic Feasibility
  60. Peng Yiming, Unluer Cise (2022-12)
    Development of Alternative Cementitious Binders for 3D Printing Applications:
    A Critical Review of Progress, Advantages and Challenges
  61. İlcan Hüseyin, Şahin Oğuzhan, Kul Anil, Ozcelikci Emircan et al. (2022-12)
    Rheological Property and Extrudability Performance-Assessment of Construction and Demolition Waste-Based Geopolymer Mortars with Varied Testing Protocols
  62. Qaidi Shaker, Yahia Ammar, Tayeh B., Unis H. et al. (2022-10)
    3D Printed Geopolymer Composites:
    A Review
  63. Liu Chao, Chen Yuning, Zhang Zedi, Niu Geng et al. (2022-10)
    Study of the Influence of Sand on Rheological Properties, Bubble Features and Buildability of Fresh Foamed Concrete for 3D Printing
  64. Bong Shin, Nematollahi Behzad, Nerella Venkatesh, Mechtcherine Viktor (2022-09)
    Method of Formulating 3D Printable Strain-Hardening Alkali-Activated Composites for Additive Construction
  65. Chougan Mehdi, Ghaffar Seyed, Nematollahi Behzad, Sikora Paweł et al. (2022-09)
    Effect of Natural and Calcined-Halloysite-Clay-Minerals as Low-Cost-Additives on the Performance of 3D Printed Alkali-Activated Materials
  66. Ma Lei, Zhang Qing, Lombois-Burger Hélène, Jia Zijian et al. (2022-09)
    Pore-Structure, Internal Relative Humidity, and Fiber-Orientation of 3D Printed Concrete with Polypropylene-Fiber and Their Relation with Shrinkage
  67. Qian Hao, Hua Sudong, Yue Hongfei, Feng Guiyang et al. (2022-09)
    Utilization of Recycled Construction-Powder in 3D Concrete Printable Materials through Particle-Packing-Optimization
  68. Liu Junli, Setunge Sujeeva, Tran Jonathan (2022-07)
    3D Concrete Printing with Cement-Coated Recycled Crumb Rubber:
    Compressive and Microstructural Properties
  69. Nodehi Mehrab, Aguayo Federico, Nodehi Shahab, Gholampour Aliakbar et al. (2022-07)
    Durability Properties of 3D Printed Concrete
  70. Liu Chao, Chen Yuning, Xiong Yuanliang, Jia Lutao et al. (2022-06)
    Influence of Hydroxypropyl-Methylcellulose and Silica-Fume on Buildability of 3D Printing Foam-Concrete:
    From Water State and Flocculation Point of View
  71. Zhao Zhihui, Chen Mingxu, Jin Yuan, Lu Lingchao et al. (2022-05)
    Rheology-Control Towards 3D Printed Magnesium-Potassium-Phosphate-Cement Composites
  72. Xu Zhuoyue, Zhang Dawang, Li Hui, Sun Xuemei et al. (2022-05)
    Effect of FA and GGBFS on Compressive Strength, Rheology, and Printing Properties of Cement-Based 3D Printing Material
  73. Filho Fernando, Chen Yu, Çopuroğlu Oğuzhan (2022-03)
    Nano-Modification in Digital Manufacturing of Cementitious Composites
  74. Jiang Zhengwu, Yang Qian, Zhu Yanmei, Zhang Yi et al. (2022-03)
    Evaluating the Stiffening Effect of CSA and Sodium Carbonate on the Printability of OPC Mortar
  75. Xiao Jianzhuang, Lv Zhenyuan, Duan Zhenhua, Hou Shaodan (2022-03)
    Study on Preparation and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Concrete with Different Aggregate-Combinations
  76. Mohan Manu, Rahul Attupurathu, Dam Benjamin, Zeidan Talina et al. (2022-02)
    Performance Criteria, Environmental Impact and Cost-Assessment for 3D Printable Concrete Mixtures
  77. Zhong Hui, Zhang Mingzhong (2022-02)
    3D Printing Geopolymers:
    A Review
  78. Chen Yuning, Liu Chao, Cao Ruilin, Chen Chun et al. (2022-02)
    Systematical Investigation of Rheological Performance Regarding 3D Printing Process for Alkali-Activated Materials:
    Effect of Precursor Nature
  79. Liu Junli, Nguyen Vuong, Panda Biranchi, Fox Kate et al. (2022-02)
    Additive Manufacturing of Sustainable Construction Materials and Form-Finding Structures:
    A Review on Recent Progresses
  80. Dey Dhrutiman, Srinivas Dodda, Panda Biranchi, Suraneni Prannoy et al. (2022-02)
    Use of Industrial Waste-Materials for 3D Printing of Sustainable Concrete:
    A Review
  81. Shakor Pshtiwan, Chu Shaohua, Puzatova (nee Sharanova) Anastasiia, Dini Enrico (2022-01)
    Review of Binder-Jetting 3D Printing in the Construction Industry
  82. Amran Mugahed, Abdelgader Hakim, Onaizi Ali, Fediuk Roman et al. (2021-12)
    3D Printable Alkali-Activated Concretes for Building Applications:
    A Critical Review
  83. Liu Junli, Li Shuai, Gunasekara Chamila, Fox Kate et al. (2021-11)
    3D Printed Concrete with Recycled Glass:
    Effect of Glass Gradation on Flexural Strength and Microstructure
  84. Chen Yu, He Shan, Gan Yidong, Çopuroğlu Oğuzhan et al. (2021-11)
    A Review of Printing-Strategies, Sustainable Cementitious Materials and Characterization Methods in the Context of Extrusion-Based 3D Concrete Printing
  85. Douba Ala, Kawashima Shiho (2021-11)
    Use of Nano-Clays and Methylcellulose to Tailor Rheology for Three-Dimensional Concrete Printing
  86. Wang Xiangyu, Khalil Abdullah, Celik Kemal (2021-11)
    Three-Dimensional Printability of White-Portland-Cement Containing Ceno-Spheres
  87. Zhao Zhihui, Chen Mingxu, Zhong Xu, Huang Yongbo et al. (2021-07)
    Effects of Bentonite, Diatomite and Metakaolin on the Rheological Behavior of 3D Printed Magnesium-Potassium-Phosphate-Cement Composites
  88. Wang Li, Ma Guowei, Liu Tianhao, Buswell Richard et al. (2021-07)
    Inter-Layer Reinforcement of 3D Printed Concrete by the In-Process Deposition of U-Nails
  89. Liu Chao, Wang Xianggang, Chen Yuning, Zhang Chao et al. (2021-06)
    Influence of Hydroxypropyl-Methylcellulose and Silica-Fume on Stability, Rheological Properties, and Printability of 3D Printing Foam-Concrete
  90. Bhattacherjee Shantanu, Basavaraj Anusha, Rahul Attupurathu, Santhanam Manu et al. (2021-06)
    Sustainable Materials for 3D Concrete Printing
  91. Zhang Chao, Nerella Venkatesh, Krishna Anurag, Wang Shen et al. (2021-06)
    Mix-Design Concepts for 3D Printable Concrete:
    A Review
  92. Muthukrishnan Shravan, Ramakrishnan Sayanthan, Sanjayan Jay (2021-06)
    Technologies for Improving Buildability in 3D Concrete Printing
  93. Tarhan Yeşim, Şahin Remzi (2021-05)
    Fresh and Rheological Performances of Air-Entrained 3D Printable Mortars
  94. Bong Shin, Xia Ming, Nematollahi Behzad, Shi Caijun (2021-04)
    Ambient Temperature Cured ‘Just-Add-Water’ Geopolymer for 3D Concrete Printing Applications
  95. Kilic Ugur, Jiang Zhangfan, Ma Ji, Ozbulut Osman (2021-03)
    Printability Characterization of Graphene-Reinforced Cementitious Composites
  96. Teixeira João, Schaefer Cecília, Rangel Bárbara, Alves Jorge et al. (2021-03)
    Development of 3D Printing Sustainable Mortars Based on a Bibliometric Analysis
  97. Sikora Paweł, Chougan Mehdi, Cuevas Villalobos Karla, Liebscher Marco et al. (2021-02)
    The Effects of Nano- and Micro-Sized Additives on 3D Printable Cementitious and Alkali-Activated Composites:
    A Review
  98. Long Wujian, Lin Can, Tao Jie-Lin, Ye Taohua et al. (2021-02)
    Printability and Particle-Packing of 3D Printable Limestone-Calcined-Clay-Cement Composites
  99. Kondepudi Kala, Subramaniam Kolluru (2021-02)
    Formulation of Alkali-Activated Fly-Ash-Slag Binders for 3D Concrete Printing
  100. Chougan Mehdi, Ghaffar Seyed, Sikora Paweł, Chung Sang-Yeop et al. (2021-02)
    Investigation of Additive Incorporation on Rheological, Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printable Alkali-Activated Materials
  101. Plessis Anton, Babafemi Adewumi, Paul Suvash, Panda Biranchi et al. (2020-12)
    Biomimicry for 3D Concrete Printing:
    A Review and Perspective
  102. Kruger Jacques, Zijl Gideon (2020-10)
    A Compendious Review on Lack-of-Fusion in Digital Concrete Fabrication
  103. Ding Tao, Xiao Jianzhuang, Zou Shuai, Wang Yu (2020-06)
    Hardened Properties of Layered 3D Printed Concrete with Recycled Sand
  104. Rashid Ans, Khan Shoukat, Ghamdi Sami, Koç Muammer (2020-06)
    Additive Manufacturing:
    Technology, Applications, Markets, and Opportunities for the Built Environment
  105. He Lewei, Chow Wai, Li Hua (2020-06)
    Effects of Inter-Layer Notch and Shear Stress on Inter-Layer Strength of 3D Printed Cement-Paste
  106. Assaad Joseph, Yassin Abdallah, Sakka Fatima, Hamzeh Farook (2020-05)
    A Modular Approach for Steel Reinforcing of 3D Printed Concrete:
    Preliminary Study

BibTeX
@article{pand_ruan_unlu_tan.2020.IotPoAASMItUoNCaNSf3P,
  author            = "Biranchi Narayan Panda and Shaoqin Ruan and Cise Unluer and Ming Jen Tan",
  title             = "Investigation of the Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Mixes Involving the Use of Nano-Clay and Nucleation-Seeds for 3D Printing",
  doi               = "10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107826",
  year              = "2020",
  journal           = "Composites Part B: Engineering",
  volume            = "186",
}
Formatted Citation

B. N. Panda, S. Ruan, C. Unluer and M. J. Tan, “Investigation of the Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Mixes Involving the Use of Nano-Clay and Nucleation-Seeds for 3D Printing”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 186, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107826.

Panda, Biranchi Narayan, Shaoqin Ruan, Cise Unluer, and Ming Jen Tan. “Investigation of the Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Mixes Involving the Use of Nano-Clay and Nucleation-Seeds for 3D Printing”. Composites Part B: Engineering 186 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107826.