Study on the Predictive Model for Continuous Build-Height of 3D Printed Concrete Based on Printability and Early Mechanical Properties (2024-12)¶

Compared to traditional construction methods, 3D printed concrete (3DPC) technology offers significant advantages, including environmental sustainability and the elimination of formwork, which enhances both efficiency and safety. However, research on predicting continuous construction height based on the early mechanical properties of 3DPC remains incomplete. To address this gap, this study systematically investigates the effects of various factors, including the water-to-binder ratio (W/B), aggregate-to-binder ratio (A/B), polypropylene fiber (PPF) content, and high-range water reducer (HRWR) dosage, on printability and early mechanical performance. Flowability was identified as a key indicator, and the printable range of 3DPC was determined to be between 147 and 210 mm. Compression tests reveal that fresh 3DPC samples exhibit progressive "barrel-shaped" deformation under load, while both green strength and critical strength increase exponentially with standing time. A predictive model for continuous build height was developed, demonstrating high accuracy with relative errors below 5% for heights exceeding 300 mm. This study provides valuable theoretical and practical insights for enhancing the quality of printed products and achieving a controllable printing process.