Strength, Structure, and Sustainability in 3D-Printed Concrete Using Different Types of Fiber Reinforcements (2025-10)¶

This article comprehensively reviews 3D printed fibre reinforced concrete (3DPFRC), examining the influence of fibre type, content, and orientation on mechanical, structural, durability, and sustainability results. Based on experimental results from the literature, the review emphasises that glass and synthetic fibres help with interlayer bonding, ductility, and fracture management. In contrast, steel fibres improve compressive and flexural strength. Face mask fibres and wind turbine blade debris are examples of recycled and developing fibres that can increase mechanical performance while lowering carbon emissions associated with production. Comparative data indicate that by reducing the need for cement, minimising waste, and improving durability, fibre integration can lessen the environmental impact of 3D printed concrete (3DPC). However, because of variations in mix design, testing procedures, and printing parameters, results from different research cannot be directly compared. This review comprehensively evaluates 3DPFRC by combining mechanical performance with durability and environmental viewpoints. The goal is to direct future studies toward optimising fibre utilisation in digital construction for sustainability and structural efficiency.