Design of 3D Printed Concrete Masonry for Wall Structures (2024-11)¶
Mechanical Behavior and Strength Calculation Methods Under Various Loads
10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119374
, Wang Yifei, Zhu Chao, Wu Yiwen, , He Chunhui, Yao Yizhou, Wang Youqiang, Bai Guoliang
Journal Article - Engineering Structures, Vol. 325, No. 119374
Abstract
The advancement of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) technology for large-scale construction is hindered by inadequate load-bearing design methods for 3DPC wall structures. This work focuses on 3D printed concrete masonry (3DPCM) walls and aims to investigate the mechanical behavior and methods for computing the strength of 3DPCMs under various sectional forms and loads. Results showed that increasing the number of inclined ribs significantly enhances the shear strength without affecting the compressive strength. The combined shear–compression strength exhibits a nonlinear relationship with the axial compression ratio, reaching its maximum at a ratio of 0.4. The failure modes of 3DPCM under various loads were revealed through experiments and numerical simulations. The oblate spheroidal pores, with major axes aligned along the X-axis printing direction at intralayer interfaces, were identified as critical to 3DPCM structural failure. Finally, a strength calculation method for the compressive, shear, and combined shear–compression of the 3DPCM was proposed.
¶
33 References
- Bazli Milad, Ashrafi Hamed, Rajabipour Ali, Kutay Cat (2023-02)
3D Printing for Remote Housing:
Benefits and Challenges - Chen Yuning, Zhang Yamei, Xie Yudong, Zhang Zedi et al. (2022-09)
Unraveling Pore-Structure Alternations in 3D Printed Geopolymer Concrete and Corresponding Impacts on Macro-Properties - Daungwilailuk Totsawat, Pheinsusom Phoonsak, Pansuk Withit (2021-01)
Uniaxial Load Testing of Large-Scale 3D Printed Concrete Wall and Finite-Element-Model-Analysis - Delavar Mohammad, Chen H., Sideris Petros (2024-01)
Analysis and Design of 3D Printed Reinforced Concrete Walls Under In-Plane Quasi-Static Loading - Dell’Endice Alessandro, Bouten Sam, Mele Tom, Block Philippe (2023-07)
Structural Design and Engineering of Striatus, an Unreinforced 3D Concrete Printed Masonry Arch Bridge - Ding Tao, Wang Ziyue, Liu Haoran, Xiao Jianzhuang (2023-03)
Simulation on Pull-Out Performance of Steel-Bar from 3D Printed Concrete - Ding Tao, Xiao Jianzhuang, Mechtcherine Viktor (2023-05)
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Inter-Layer Regions in Extrusion-Based 3D Printed Concrete:
A Critical Review - Ding Tao, Xiao Jianzhuang, Qin Fei, Duan Zhenhua (2020-03)
Mechanical Behavior of 3D Printed Mortar with Recycled Sand at Early-Ages - Du Longyu, Zhou Jiehang, Lai Jianzhong, Wu Kai et al. (2023-07)
Effect of Pore-Structure on Durability and Mechanical Performance of 3D Printed Concrete - Geng Zifan, She Wei, Zuo Wenqiang, Lyu Kai et al. (2020-09)
Layer-Interface Properties in 3D Printed Concrete:
Dual Hierarchical Structure and Micromechanical Characterization - Giudice Lorenzo, Katsamakas Antonios, Liu Bowen, Sarhosis Vasilis et al. (2024-02)
Physical Modelling of Unreinforced Masonry Walls Using a Sand-Based 3D Printer - Han Xiaoyu, Yan Jiachuan, Liu Mingjian, Huo Liang et al. (2021-10)
Experimental Study on Large-Scale 3D Printed Concrete Walls Under Axial Compression - Kruger Jacques, Zijl Gideon (2020-10)
A Compendious Review on Lack-of-Fusion in Digital Concrete Fabrication - Lin Alexander, Goel Abhimanyu, Wong De, Yeo Charlene et al. (2022-07)
Compressive Load-Dominated Concrete Structures for Customized 3D Printing Fabrication - Liu Huawei, Liu Chao, Bai Guoliang, Wu Yiwen et al. (2022-04)
Influence of Pore-Defects on the Hardened Properties of 3D Printed Concrete with Coarse Aggregate - Liu Huawei, Liu Chao, Wu Yiwen, Bai Guoliang et al. (2022-09)
3D Printing Concrete with Recycled Coarse Aggregates:
The Influence of Pore-Structure on Inter-Layer Adhesion - Liu Huawei, Liu Chao, Zhang Yamei, Bai Guoliang (2023-11)
Bonding Properties Between 3D Printed Coarse Aggregate Concrete and Rebar Based on Interface Structural Characteristics - Liu Chao, Wang Zhihui, Wu Yiwen, Liu Huawei et al. (2023-02)
3D Printing Concrete with Recycled Sand:
The Influence Mechanism of Extruded Pore-Defects on Constitutive Relationship - Liu Chao, Zhang Yukun, Liu Huawei, Wu Yiwen et al. (2024-10)
Inter-Layer Reinforced 3D Printed Concrete with Recycled Coarse Aggregate:
Shear Properties and Enhancement Methods - Ma Guowei, Buswell Richard, Silva Wilson, Wang Li et al. (2022-03)
Technology Readiness:
A Global Snapshot of 3D Concrete Printing and the Frontiers for Development - Ma Lei, Jia Zijian, Chen Yuning, Jiang Yifan et al. (2024-03)
Water Loss and Shrinkage Prediction in 3D Printed Concrete with Varying w/b and Specimen Sizes - Sedghi Reza, Rashidi Kourosh, Hojati Maryam (2024-01)
Large-Scale 3D Wall Printing:
From Concept to Reality - Tanapornraweekit Ganchai, Jiramarootapong Patiphat, Paudel Satish, Tangtermsirikul Somnuk et al. (2022-11)
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of 3D Printed Mortar Walls Under Uniform Axial Compression - Wang Li, Yang Yu, Yao Liang, Ma Guowei (2022-02)
Interfacial Bonding Properties of 3D Printed Permanent Formwork with the Post-Casted Concrete - Xiao Jianzhuang, Ji Guangchao, Zhang Yamei, Ma Guowei et al. (2021-06)
Large-Scale 3D Printing Concrete Technology:
Current Status and Future Opportunities - Yao Hao, Xie Zonglin, Li Zemin, Huang Chuhan et al. (2021-11)
The Relationship Between the Rheological Behavior and Inter-Layer Bonding Properties of 3D Printing Cementitious Materials with the Addition of Attapulgite - Ye Junhong, Zhang Jiangdi, Yu Jie, Yu Jiangtao et al. (2023-11)
Flexural Behaviors of 3D Printed Lightweight Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) Slab with Hollow Sections - Yu Shiwei, Du Hongjian, Sanjayan Jay (2020-07)
Aggregate-Bed 3D Concrete Printing with Cement-Paste Binder - Zhang Daobo, Feng Peng, Zhou Peizhao, Xu Weiguo et al. (2023-06)
3D Printed Concrete Walls Reinforced with Flexible FRP Textile:
Automatic Construction, Digital Rebuilding, and Seismic Performance - Zhang Kaijian, Lin Wenqiang, Zhang Qingtian, Wang Dehui et al. (2024-07)
Evaluation of Anisotropy and Statistical Parameters of Compressive Strength for 3D Printed Concrete - Zhang Dan, Ma Guowei, Guan Jingyuan, Wang Li et al. (2023-06)
Cyclic Behavior of Unbonded Post-Tensioned Pre-Cast Segmental Concrete Columns Fabricated by 3D Printed Concrete Permanent Formwork - Zhang Yu, Qiao Hongxia, Qian Rusheng, Xue Cuizhen et al. (2022-02)
Relationship Between Water-Transport Behavior and Inter-Layer Voids of 3D Printed Concrete - Zhang Yu, Yang Lin, Qian Rusheng, Liu Guojian et al. (2023-07)
Inter-Layer Adhesion of 3D Printed Concrete:
Influence of Layer Stacked Vertically
14 Citations
- Liu Chao, Chen Xianqin, Luo Zhiyu, Liu Huawei et al. (2026-01)
Effects of Pore Defects on Interfacial Bonding Between Rebar and 3D Printed Coarse Aggregate Concrete Under Multiple Loading Conditions - Liu Xiongfei, Wang Haonan, Chen Jinnan, Sun Yuhang et al. (2025-11)
Fiber Orientation Control in Spray-Based 3D Printed Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete - Sakha Mahsa, Raza Saim, Wang Xiaomeng, Fan Haifeng et al. (2025-10)
Design Optimization and Assessment of Stay-in-Place 3D Printed Concrete Formwork for Slabs - Chen Baixi, Yang Lei, Jiang Sheng (2025-09)
Stochastic Analysis of 3D Concrete Printing Process with Curvature and Inclination by Explainable Data-Driven Modelling - Ramirez Rodriguez Fatima, Ahmad Rafiq (2025-09)
Sustainable Technology Advances for Additive Construction:
A State-of-the-Art Review - Chen Baixi, Qian Xiaoping (2025-07)
Explainable Data-Driven Analysis of Uncertainty Propagation in 3D Concrete Printing via Adaptive Polynomial Chaos Expansion - Zhang Chao, Ren Juanjuan, Zhang Shihao, Guo Yipu et al. (2025-07)
Advanced Impact Resistance Design Through 3D-Printed Concrete Technology:
Unleashing the Potential of Additive Manufacturing for Protective Structures - Dai Pengfei, Luo Zhenhua, Wang Yalun, Mbabazi Justin et al. (2025-06)
Waste Plastic Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Cavity Structures Manufactured by Mortar Extrusion 3D Printing - Zhu Wenxuan, Liu Chao, Zhang Yu, Zhang Yunsheng et al. (2025-05)
Rheological Performance Regulation and Material Optimization of Manufactured Sand Concrete in 3D Printing - Wang Guihua, Zhou Jiguo, Liu Haoyun, Zhang Jianming (2025-05)
Rheological Properties and Mechanical Durability of 3D-Printed Concrete Based on Low-Field NMR - Liu Chao, Li Xin, Wu Yiwen, Liu Huawei et al. (2025-03)
Impact of External Loading on the Time-Dependent Evolution of 3D Printed Concrete with Recycled Sand in the Green State - Liu Chao, Liang Zhan, Liu Huawei, Wu Yiwen et al. (2025-03)
Seismic Performance of 3D Printed Reinforced Concrete Walls:
Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation - Liu Chao, Liu Huawei, Wu Yiwen, Wu Jian et al. (2025-02)
Effect of X-Ray CT Characterized Pore Structure on the Freeze-Thaw Resistance of 3D Printed Concrete with Recycled Coarse Aggregate - Zhang Yonghong, Cui Suping, Yang Bohao, Wang Xinxin et al. (2025-01)
Research on 3D Printing Concrete Mechanical Properties-Prediction-Model Based on Machine-Learning
BibTeX
@article{liu_wang_zhu_wu.2025.Do3PCMfWS,
author = "Huawei Liu and Yifei Wang and Chao Zhu and Yiwen Wu and Chao Liu and Chunhui He and Yizhou Yao and Youqiang Wang and Guoliang Bai",
title = "Design of 3D Printed Concrete Masonry for Wall Structures: Mechanical Behavior and Strength Calculation Methods Under Various Loads",
doi = "10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119374",
year = "2025",
journal = "Engineering Structures",
volume = "325",
pages = "119374",
}
Formatted Citation
H. Liu, “Design of 3D Printed Concrete Masonry for Wall Structures: Mechanical Behavior and Strength Calculation Methods Under Various Loads”, Engineering Structures, vol. 325, p. 119374, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119374.
Liu, Huawei, Yifei Wang, Chao Zhu, Yiwen Wu, Chao Liu, Chunhui He, Yizhou Yao, Youqiang Wang, and Guoliang Bai. “Design of 3D Printed Concrete Masonry for Wall Structures: Mechanical Behavior and Strength Calculation Methods Under Various Loads”. Engineering Structures 325 (2025): 119374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119374.