Anti-Washout Cement-Based Material for Under-Seawater 3D Concrete Printing (2025-08)¶

Design, Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Analysis

10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109859

Yang Xia, Wang Jiuyuan, Huang Han, Wu Gengchen, Wu Jie
Journal Article - Structures, Vol. 80, No. 109859

Abstract

The proposal of under-seawater 3D concrete printing (US3DCP) technique offers a promising solution to marine engineering construction and ocean energy development. It addresses the technical challenges in traditional underwater construction, for instance, poor working security, inaccurate placement and poor construction quality. To promote the application of US3DCP in actual engineering projects, a cement-based material available for the printing condition of under seawater was designed and produced in this study, validating the feasibility of US3DCP. Considering the variables of curing age and load direction, the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete printed under seawater was compared with that of samples printed in air and underwater. It is recommended that an anti-washout admixture (AWA) content of 2 % and a sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) content of 25 % led to high washout resistance and good printability. The mechanical anisotropy of 3D-printed concrete is independent of printing conditions. After 28-day of curing age, the compressive strength of underwater and under seawater samples were 0.87 and 1.02 times that of air samples, and their flexural strength were 8 % and 5 % lower than as compared to air samples. Finally, the impact mechanism of printing conditions on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed concrete was analyzed from a microscopic perspective.

¶

30 References

1 Citations

Cui Xiaoshuang, Pu Xianghao, Zhang Dongyang, Li Weihong et al. (2025-12)
Study on the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Continuous Jute Yarn-Reinforced Concrete

BibTeX

@article{yang_wang_huan_wu.2025.AWCBMfUS3CP,
  author            = "Xia Yang and Jiuyuan Wang and Han Huang and Gengchen Wu and Jie Wu",
  title             = "Anti-Washout Cement-Based Material for Under-Seawater 3D Concrete Printing: Design, Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Analysis",
  doi               = "10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109859",
  year              = "2025",
  journal           = "Structures",
  volume            = "80",
  pages             = "109859",
}

Formatted Citation

IEEE

X. Yang, J. Wang, H. Huang, G. Wu and J. Wu, “Anti-Washout Cement-Based Material for Under-Seawater 3D Concrete Printing: Design, Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Analysis”, Structures, vol. 80, p. 109859, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109859.

CMOS

Yang, Xia, Jiuyuan Wang, Han Huang, Gengchen Wu, and Jie Wu. “Anti-Washout Cement-Based Material for Under-Seawater 3D Concrete Printing: Design, Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Analysis”. Structures 80 (2025): 109859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2025.109859.