3D Concrete Printing-Material (2021-11)¶

3D concrete printing uses fresh concrete to create complex, nonstandard geometries and details architecture or part of architecture by layering new concrete on top of each other. As mentioned above, this method has more advantages than conventional construction, such as the absence of formwork, optimizing construct time, cost, and safety, the primary material used in 3D concrete printing. The quality of the printed constructs significantly depends on the new property of the used material. During the printing process, pre-mixed concrete is continuously hardening due to the exothermic process, which is the factor of open time. Besides, most concrete 3D printing is applicable in civil construction, requiring a solid interface concrete layer. Hence, to ensure the structure's durability, supports are needed for building and large-scale concrete printing. The preview of fresh concrete properties and their impact is summarized in the second section of this study. The most sensitive factor of a new property, an interface between layer problems, is considered in the third section. In the fourth section, we introduce the standard method to overcome these problems using supports.