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Toothed Nozzle Optimization for Enhancement of Interlayer Tensile Strength of 3D-Printed Concrete with CTGAN and XGBoost Model (2026-03)

10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e06007

 Jiang Youbau, Zhang Zupan, Wen Jun, Gao Pengxiang, Tan Jie
Journal Article - Case Studies in Construction Materials, Vol. 24, No. e06007

Abstract

3D-printed concrete (3DPC) using toothed nozzles exhibits improved mechanical properties, attracting significant research attention. This study investigates the automated enhancement effect of novel toothed nozzles on interlayer tensile strength. The interlayer tensile strength is influenced by many factors, and key parameters, such as the area proportion coefficient (the ratio of cohesive failure area to total tension failure area at the interlayer interface), are difficult to determine, making strength prediction challenging. To address this, a hybrid CTGAN-XGBoost model is developed. CTGAN augments limited experimental data, and XGBoost accurately predicts tensile strength and area proportion coefficient. Explanatory analysis identifies edge length, depth, and bottom width as the most significant factors. Based on interpretability analysis, optimized nozzle parameters were experimentally validated, demonstrating enhanced performance and model effectiveness. This study supports automated strength prediction and nozzle design for 3D concrete printing and extends to other digital manufacturing processes in concrete.

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0 Citations

BibTeX 
@article{jian_zhan_wen_gao.2026.TNOfEoITSo3PCwCaXM,
  author            = "Youbau Jiang and Zupan Zhang and Jun Wen and Pengxiang Gao and Jie Tan",
  title             = "Toothed Nozzle Optimization for Enhancement of Interlayer Tensile Strength of 3D-Printed Concrete with CTGAN and XGBoost Model",
  doi               = "10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e06007",
  year              = "2026",
  journal           = "Case Studies in Construction Materials",
  volume            = "24",
  pages             = "e06007",
}
Formatted Citation

Y. Jiang, Z. Zhang, J. Wen, P. Gao and J. Tan, “Toothed Nozzle Optimization for Enhancement of Interlayer Tensile Strength of 3D-Printed Concrete with CTGAN and XGBoost Model”, Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 24, p. e06007, 2026, doi: 10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e06007.

Jiang, Youbau, Zupan Zhang, Jun Wen, Pengxiang Gao, and Jie Tan. “Toothed Nozzle Optimization for Enhancement of Interlayer Tensile Strength of 3D-Printed Concrete with CTGAN and XGBoost Model”. Case Studies in Construction Materials 24 (2026): e06007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e06007.