Toward Sustainable Construction 3D Printing (2025-09)¶
, Shi A., Kajandran V., Lam T., Goel Abhimanyu, Wong D., Lim P., Kasee L., Ong X., Hussein G., Lin A.
Journal Article - Cleaner Engineering and Technology, No. 101074
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of partial substitution of Ordinary Portland Cement with different proportions of non-calcined marine clay and different grades (by particle size) of Ground Limestone to formulate 3D-printable concrete. Non-calcined clay was used because of its lower energy requirement than calcined clay. The rheology of the mixes was evaluated by extrudability, tack, Large Amplitude Oscillatory shear, and Logarithmic Stress Ramp tests. Their mechanical performance was evaluated with respect to compressive, splitting, shear, and three-point bending (flexural) strengths. Results show that adding only about 1% of oven-dried (low temperature) marine clay and 19% of limestone improve cohesion and build-up of static yield strength while ensuring extrudability. This study hopes to pave the way for more studies on using non-calcined marine clay as a more sustainable option for construction 3D printing.
¶
15 References
- Cheikh Khadija, Rémond Sébastien, Khalil Noura, Aouad Georges (2017-04)
Numerical and Experimental Studies of Aggregate-Blocking in Mortar-Extrusion - Chen Yu, He Shan, Zhang Yu, Wan Zhi et al. (2021-08)
3D Printing of Calcined-Clay-Limestone-Based Cementitious Materials - Hua Tianran, Lin Alexander, Poh Wen, Wong De et al. (2023-06)
3D Printed Concrete Shear Keys:
Design and Experimental Study - Keita Emmanuel, Bessaies-Bey Hela, Zuo Wenqiang, Belin Patrick et al. (2019-06)
Weak Bond Strength Between Successive Layers in Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing:
Measurement and Physical Origin - Khalil Noura, Aouad Georges, Cheikh Khadija, Rémond Sébastien (2017-09)
Use of Calcium-Sulfoaluminate-Cements for Setting-Control of 3D Printing Mortars - Li Zhanzhao, Hojati Maryam, Wu Zhengyu, Piasente Jonathon et al. (2020-07)
Fresh and Hardened Properties of Extrusion-Based 3D Printed Cementitious Materials:
A Review - Lin Alexander, Goel Abhimanyu, Wong De, Yeo Charlene et al. (2022-07)
Compressive Load-Dominated Concrete Structures for Customized 3D Printing Fabrication - Long Wujian, Lin Can, Tao Jie-Lin, Ye Taohua et al. (2021-02)
Printability and Particle-Packing of 3D Printable Limestone-Calcined-Clay-Cement Composites - Muthukrishnan Shravan, Ramakrishnan Sayanthan, Sanjayan Jay (2020-09)
Effect of Microwave-Heating on Inter-Layer Bonding and Buildability of Geopolymer 3D Concrete Printing - Nerella Venkatesh, Krause Martin, Mechtcherine Viktor (2019-11)
Direct Printing-Test for Buildability of 3D Printable Concrete Considering Economic Viability - Perrot Arnaud, Rangeard Damien, Nerella Venkatesh, Mechtcherine Viktor (2019-02)
Extrusion of Cement-Based Materials:
An Overview - Putten Jolien, Snoeck Didier, Coensel R., Schutter Geert et al. (2020-12)
Early-Age Shrinkage Phenomena of 3D Printed Cementitious Materials with Superabsorbent Polymers - Sepasgozar Samad, Shi Anqi, Yang Liming, Shirowzhan Sara et al. (2020-12)
Additive Manufacturing Applications for Industry 4.0:
A Systematic Critical Review - Weng Yiwei, Li Mingyang, Ruan Shaoqin, Wong Teck et al. (2020-03)
Comparative Economic, Environmental and Productivity-Assessment of a Concrete Bathroom Unit Fabricated Through 3D Printing and a Pre-Cast Approach - Xiao Jianzhuang, Zou Shuai, Yu Ying, Wang Yu et al. (2020-09)
3D Recycled Mortar Printing:
System-Development, Process-Design, Material-Properties and On-Site-Printing
0 Citations
BibTeX
@article{kua_shi_kaja_lam.2025.TSC3P,
author = "Harn Wei Kua and A. Shi and V. Kajandran and T. W. M. Lam and Abhimanyu Goel and D. H. A. Wong and P. K. Lim and L. H. Kasee and X. W. Ong and G. F. Hussein and A. Lin",
title = "Toward Sustainable Construction 3D Printing: Limestone and Non-Calcined Recycled Marine Clay as Partial Cement Replacement",
doi = "10.1016/j.clet.2025.101074",
year = "2025",
journal = "Cleaner Engineering and Technology",
pages = "101074",
}
Formatted Citation
H. W. Kua, “Toward Sustainable Construction 3D Printing: Limestone and Non-Calcined Recycled Marine Clay as Partial Cement Replacement”, Cleaner Engineering and Technology, p. 101074, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.clet.2025.101074.
Kua, Harn Wei, A. Shi, V. Kajandran, T. W. M. Lam, Abhimanyu Goel, D. H. A. Wong, P. K. Lim, et al.. “Toward Sustainable Construction 3D Printing: Limestone and Non-Calcined Recycled Marine Clay as Partial Cement Replacement”. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 2025, 101074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2025.101074.