An Environmental Perspective on Digital Fabrication in Architecture and Construction (2016-04)¶

Digital fabrication processes and technologies are becoming an essential part of the modern product manufacturing. As the use of 3D printing grows, potential applications into large scale processes are emerging. The combined methods of computational design and robotic fabrication have demonstrated potential to expand architectural design. However, factors such as material use, energy demands, durability, GHG emissions and waste production must be recognized as the priorities over the entire life of any architectural project. Given the recent developments at architecture scale, this study aims to investigate the environmental consequences and opportunities of digital fabrication in construction. This paper presents two case studies of classic building elements digitally fabricated. In each case study, the projects were assessed according to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework and compared with conventional construction with similar function. The analysis highlighted the importance of material-efficient design to achieve high environmental benefits in digitally fabricated architecture. The knowledge established in this research should be directed to the development of guidelines that help designers to make more sustainable choices in the implementation of digital fabrication in architecture and construction.