Economic and Environmental Impact Analysis of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Cementitious Mixture in 3D Printing (2025-03)¶

10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108252

Rajendran Naveenkumar, Runge Troy, Bergman Richard, Nepal Prakash, Ali Syed, al Fahim Abdullah, Moradllo Mehdi
Journal Article - Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 218, No. 108252

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a transformative technology in the construction sector; however, cementitious composites are hindered by high costs and substantial environmental impacts. This study investigates cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)-reinforced cementitious mixture for its economic feasibility and environmental impacts in the 3D printing sector. In this study, a commercial large-scale process model with a daily capacity of 100 m3 for cementitious mixture production for 3D printing was developed. The estimated minimum selling price (MSP) of CNC-reinforced cementitious mixture was $423/m3, which was 3 % higher than conventional cementitious mixture due to composition variations, and the estimated minimum printing cost was $333/m3. The estimated global warming impact of 1 m3 of CNC-reinforced cementitious mixture was 1704.81 kg CO2 eq, which was higher than conventional cementitious mixture. The MSP and environmental impact of CNC-reinforced cementitious mixture were lower than conventional cementitious mixture when compressive and flexural strength were considered as functional units.

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13 References

2 Citations

BibTeX

@article{raje_rung_berg_nepa.2025.EaEIAoCNRCMi3P,
  author            = "Naveenkumar Rajendran and Troy Runge and Richard Bergman and Prakash Nepal and Syed Danish Ali and Abdullah Al Fahim and Mehdi Khanzadeh Moradllo",
  title             = "Economic and Environmental Impact Analysis of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Cementitious Mixture in 3D Printing",
  doi               = "10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108252",
  year              = "2025",
  journal           = "Resources, Conservation and Recycling",
  volume            = "218",
  pages             = "108252",
}

Formatted Citation

IEEE

N. Rajendran, “Economic and Environmental Impact Analysis of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Cementitious Mixture in 3D Printing”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 218, p. 108252, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108252.

CMOS

Rajendran, Naveenkumar, Troy Runge, Richard Bergman, Prakash Nepal, Syed Danish Ali, Abdullah Al Fahim, and Mehdi Khanzadeh Moradllo. “Economic and Environmental Impact Analysis of Cellulose Nanocrystal-Reinforced Cementitious Mixture in 3D Printing”. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 218 (2025): 108252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108252.