Numerical Modelling of Interlayer Adhesion in 3D-Printed Concrete with LDPM (2026-03)¶

Advances in 3D-printed concrete (3DPC) require numerical models capable of capturing its layered structure and interfacial behavior. This work introduces a novel LDPM-based modelling approach in which the full specimen is discretized with tetrahedra, and interlayer behavior is described by locally modifying the meso-scale properties of elements positioned within the printed interfaces. As a first proof of concept, interlayer facets are assigned reduced mechanical properties, assuming a 30%, 35% and 40% decrease in tensile, shear strengths and fracture energy relative to the bulk material. A parameter-sensitivity study is performed across multiple LDPM realizations to assess how random meso-structural arrangements influence the global response. The simulations exhibit characteristic variability in failure patterns, with crack initiation occurring either along midspan or along the weakened interlayer depending on the seed. The results demonstrate the capability of this location-based LDPM strategy to capture interlayer-driven variability and lay the groundwork for future calibration against experimental data.