Strength Evaluation of 3D Concrete Printed Layers Using in-Situ Parameters Monitoring (2026-01)¶

3D concrete printing technology is transforming construction by offering design flexibility, reducing material waste, and increasing efficiency. This study investigates the use of the maturity method to estimate the strength of 3D printed concrete layers during in-situ monitoring of additive construction. A developed laboratory scale 3D concrete printer was used for printing concrete layers with an optimized concrete mix design. The printed layer temperature history along with ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded using embedded sensors connected to a data logger system for 28 days. The maturity index was calculated using temperature data. This allows for accurate estimation of in-situ concrete strength, helping to optimize construction timelines and processes. The results were then compared to traditional compressive strength tests on the same mix design for comparisons. As a non-destructive approach, the maturity method offers significant advantages, enabling real-time monitoring and future applications in additive construction using the same concrete mix. This approach helps to improve the reliability and efficiency of 3D concrete printing in large-scale construction.