Basics of 3D Printing in Concrete Construction (2025-02)¶

Several companies have already completed their first projects using additive manufacturing processes for the production of load-bearing wall panels in residential construction. This involved either printing formwork made of concrete or mortar, then filling it with in-situ concrete to produce composite cross-sections or printing solid wall cross-sections with the full thickness of the cross-section in layers in several work steps. This article presents types of wall cross-sections that have already been used in practice. It also explains which tests need to be carried out on fresh and solid concrete or mortar in order to be able to use and apply these innovative and regulatory solutions for the production of load-bearing walls. The load-bearing behavior of selected 3D-printed walls and wall cross-sections is then explained. In the concluding recommendations for planning and construction companies, initial experiences are presented with regard to the assessment of deviations from the currently valid regulations. This is intended to enable a broader and faster application of 3D-printed concrete and mortar.