Novel Efficient-Inexpensive Development of Hydrophobic 3D-Printed Mortar Composite for Moisture Prevention Multi-Application (2026-03)¶

Infrastructure is fundamental in shaping the economic, social, and environmental frameworks of nations. However, the longevity and durability of infrastructure are increasingly compromised by corrosion, particularly in humid environments. Cement-based materials, which are inherently hydrophilic, are prone to water infiltration, leading to corrosion, freeze-thaw damage, and other forms of deterioration that result in significant costs. Hydrophobic concrete presents a viable solution by repelling water and chemicals, thus protecting steel reinforcements—an essential feature for applications in demanding conditions such as bridges and marine structures. This study seeks to advance the technology of hydrophobic concrete with innovative 3D printing and optimized composition techniques, which facilitate the integration of water-repellent properties throughout the material. This approach aims to enhance durability without compromising the structural performance of concrete. The incorporation of biodegradable and eco-friendly materials allows for the design of complex structures that emulate the intricacies of natural architecture, thereby achieving a balance between sustainability and functionality. The precision afforded by 3D printing enables the creation of complex designs that maximize both durability and performance. In this research, the hydrophobic 3D-printed concrete exhibited a water contact angle (WCA) ranging from 100° to 120°, in contrast to 32° to 36° for conventional concrete. Additionally, the water absorbability rate of the hydrophobic concrete was measured at 0.05 to 0.15 mm³/mm², compared to 0.30 mm³/mm² for traditional concrete. Addressing the critical technical challenges associated with hydrophobic concrete research is vital for its wider application, thereby paving the way for more sustainable and resilient infrastructure in corrosive environments.